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Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82
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  上海4月20日电(记者陈静)“大体重患者一定是高代谢(风险)人群。”上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院风湿免疫科副主任、主任医师陈盛教授20日接受记者采访时直言,在大多数情况下,肥胖患者尿酸水平容易偏高,高尿酸血症患者中肥胖人数偏多。

  她指出,在进行体重管理时,一方面需控制饮食并加强体育锻炼;另一方面,需正确且健康地控制体重;在此过程中,还应对一系列基础代谢水平进行管理。高尿酸、高血脂、高血压、高血糖、高体重以及高心血管病风险、高脑血管意外风险,这些因素往往是相互关联的。

  痛风是一种因嘌呤生物合成代谢增加、尿酸产生过多或尿酸排泄不良导致血中尿酸升高,进而尿酸盐结晶沉积在关节滑膜、滑囊、软骨及其它组织中,引发的反复发作性炎性疾病。4月20日是“世界痛风日”。随着生活水平的提高,如今,高尿酸血症成为继“高血压、高血糖、高血脂”后第四“高”。“高尿酸也是痛风发病的基础。”陈盛教授说。

  陈盛教授指出,许多人并未将痛风视为一种严重的疾病。他们通常认为痛风仅在发作时带来剧烈疼痛,而在非发作期间与常人无异。因此,他们往往忽视了尿酸水平的控制,不认为痛风需要像慢性疾病那样进行管理,这导致了诸如肾功能不全、心血管事件等不良后果的发生。

  “与其他慢性疾病患者所具备的定期复查和不可随意中断用药的自觉性不同,痛风患者在治疗上的依从性普遍较低。”陈盛教授强调,“许多痛风患者仅在疼痛发作时才会寻求医疗帮助,而在无痛状态下,他们往往认为自己已恢复健康,从而擅自停止用药。”

  此外,在痛风的管理过程中,患者在急性发作期与慢性维持期的用药策略存在差异。许多患者在痛风发作之初便开始服用降尿酸药物。然而,这种做法可能导致病情发作更为频繁。这往往会让患者陷入一个误区,误以为降尿酸药物对于治疗痛风无效,从而得出坚决不服用此类药物的结论。陈盛教授指出,实际上,患者并未充分认识到不同药物在疾病不同阶段所发挥的不同作用。

  她指出,痛风的发病初期通常表现为急性、发作性的单关节炎,具体表现为关节的急性红肿、发热和疼痛。许多患者在经历多次急性期发作后,病情可能发展为慢性,进而影响到更多关节。首次发作时,绝大多数病例的受影响关节位于足部的第一跖趾关节,也有部分病例可能表现为踝关节、足背或膝关节的炎症,通常以单个下肢关节为主。

  据了解,高尿酸血症不仅会导致尿酸盐结晶沉积引发的痛风性关节炎,还可能形成痛风石、尿酸性尿路结石以及继发性肾功能不全。在严重情况下,患者可能会出现关节畸形及功能障碍。

  在急性发作期,如果病人没有接受平时的降尿酸药治疗,医生通常不启动降尿酸治疗,而以急性期快速控制症状为主,通常会用到秋水仙碱、糖皮质激素,还有非甾体抗炎药。这位专家介绍,相对来说,高选择性的COX-2抑制剂(比如依托考昔)对胃肠道的安全性更好一些,镇痛效果也会更强。

  “我们对于痛风的治疗一般是分阶段的:患者在急性期的时候,医生要快速控制炎症的发作;发作期过后,医生要仔细地监测患者尿酸,通过降尿酸的治疗预防将来反复发作。”陈盛教授指出,对于不同的患者,根据其病情发作情况,是否有高血压、糖尿病、心血管,关节中是否有痛风结晶等因素,对尿酸的控制水平要求是不同的。

  尿酸持续增高会带来一些疾病风险,比如:增加心血管疾病的可能,老年人发生卒中的比例会大幅提升,包括高血脂、高血糖在内的慢性病发生率会增加。陈盛教授倡导民众养成低嘌呤饮食习惯,尽可能减少摄入海鲜、少喝奶茶等饮料;同时适当多饮水;避免饮酒。她鼓励患者加强锻炼,并充分补水,避免诱发痛风发作。(完)新闻结尾 亚洲情色图片,发现你从未见过的漫画新作,开启阅读新体的相关文章
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