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  来源:燕梳师院

  华农财险正危机四伏。成立以来,股东方经历多个周期,先由农业系股东主导,再有华邦入股,国有股东光环逐渐淡去。如今,公司陷入困境,大股东股权遭冻结、偿付能力现“下坡路”、财务实力评级从“BBB”下调至“BBB-”,最终评级被撤销。

  01

  元老级董事长离任

  在这个节骨眼下,传来任职长达十年的董事长苏如春离任。4月14日,华农财险在官网发布公告称,苏如春因个人原因辞去公司董事长职务。在新任董事长就任前,根据公司章程暂由朱宁副董事长代行董事长职务,履行董事长职权。

 图源:公司官网

  苏如春的职业历程颇为丰富,且在华农财险任职近十年。他出生于1967年,拥有研究生学历,是国家注册一级建造师,曾任第十二届政协全国委员会、全国政协经济委委员,甘肃省政协委员、甘肃省兰州市政协常委,广东省湛江市人大代表、广东省湛江市政协委员,第十一届甘肃省工商联执委、副主席。

  工作初期,苏如春原本是一名小学教师,后弃文从商。2000年12月,苏如春正式成立甘肃中大建设工程有限公司,开启了他的建桥修路的创业历程。

  2001年,甘肃中大负责酒航公路的建设,包括桥梁、路基及路面工程,这一项目让公司在建筑界崭露头角。经历多次更名与业务拓展后,甘肃中大演变成了如今的华邦控股。现今,华邦控股的商业版图十分庞大,涉及数智化基础设施建设、养老康复医疗服务、智慧保险金融、康养小镇的开发与运营等多个领域。彼时,乘上房地产的东风,华邦建投集团股份有限公司成功进入中国建筑业500强行列,成为业界翘楚。

  作为华邦控股的创始人和董事长,苏如春的影响力不容小觑。自从华邦控股成为华农财险的最大股东之后,苏如春也顺理成章地担任了华农财险的掌舵者。

  而随着元老苏如春离任,业界多为震惊。毕竟,从年龄角度来看,他尚未达法定退休年龄。因此,业内人士纷纷猜测,是否与公司经营情况,或是大股东华邦控股有关?

  02

  大股东债务危机

  从股权结构来看,华邦控股占公司总股份的20%,位居大股东之列。第二大股东北京汇欣亚、第三大股东西部同泰建设、第四大股东云南金志农林分别持股19.5%、19%、18.3%。整体上,华农财险的股权结构较为分散。

图源:2024年第四季度偿付能力报告

  而大股东华邦控股的股权结构较为集中,为典型的家族企业。其中,苏氏家族持股比例高达98.7%——苏如春占比67.32%、苏逸占比17.95%、苏立钊占比13.46%。

  然而,华邦控股陷入了债务危机。

  去年,华邦控股所持华农财险的全部股权被质押、冻结。彼时12月,中水集团远洋股份有限公司(以下简称“中水渔业”)收到参股公司华农财产保险股份有限公司(以下简称“华农财险”)关于部分股份被冻结的函告,获悉华农保险股东华邦控股集团有限公司(以下简称“华邦集团”)持有的华农财险全部股份被司法冻结。

  在冻结的股份中,0股为有限售条件股份,20000万股为无限售条件股份,该司法冻结期限为三年,自2024年11月26日至2027年11月25日止。

  华邦控股参控股的金融机构股份陆续被司法冻结。企查查显示,去年11月,因佛山市交通投资集团有限公司存在质权纠纷案件,华邦持有南粤银行的股份被司法冻结,持股数量及比例分别为3.01亿股、5.28%。

  去年10月,华农财险在召开的2024年第二次临时股东大会中,重点提及“股东占款”问题,但暂不审议。最后形成了两个共识:一是同意国有股东选聘事务所进场审计;二是继续推进资产评估对拟抵偿资产开展评估。此外,会议还听取了现场检查意见书的通报及整改情况。

  当时,已有市场猜测,华农财险与华邦控股之间的关联,或许会影响到其董事长之位。如今,这一猜测得到证实。

  另一端是国有股东折价转让股权。北京产权交易所公示,2023年7月,中水集团远洋股份有限公司(以下简称“中水集团”)、大洋商贸有限责任公司(以下简称“大洋商贸”)及北京海丰船务运输公司(以下简称“海丰船务”)计划出售其持有的股份。所持华农保险股份共计1.1亿股,底价为1.87亿元。

  值得注意的是,这三家股东之间存在一定的关联关系:大洋商贸的大股东是中水集团,而中水集团和海丰船务的实际控制人均为中国农业发展集团有限公司。

  这并非首次转让。早在2019年12月,三家公司就曾以1.88亿元的底价尝试转让总计1.1亿股,但未能成功。随后,在2020年6月,他们再次尝试,将股份拆分后重新挂牌,总价仍为1.88亿元,但依旧未果。2022年12月,这批股份第三次被挂出,底价调整为1.98亿元,最终以失败告终。

  三家国有股东多次挂牌转让,截至目前,仍无人问津,反映市场对华农财险前景的悲观预期。

  03

  百亿保费目标成空?

  股权混乱之际,经营步伐似乎受限。2018年—2024年,华农财险保险业务收入分别为21.82亿元、26.19亿元、29.59亿元、32.03亿元、40.5亿元、47.67亿元、44.22亿元;净利润分别为0.08亿元、-2.16亿元、0.1亿元、0.15亿元、0.13亿元、0.07亿元、0.48亿元。总体而言,保费与利润表现分化,保费收入大致呈上升趋势,而净利却始终低迷。

  偿付能力起伏较大,2024年三季度核心偿付能力充足率降至153.16%,但四季度意外回升至184.20%,主要因股市回暖及资产分类调整。

  从业务结构来看,车险长期承保亏损,非车险整体缩水。以2024年为例,尽管车险签单保费达到了21.9亿元,同比增长了5.76%,但非车险方面的情况却不容乐观。具体来说,原本作为非车险第一大险种的签单保费从6.5亿元减少到了4.46亿元;第二大和第三大险种的签单保费也分别从3.17亿元、3.16亿元缩减至1.02亿元和1.01亿元。

图源:2024年第四季度偿付能力报告

  2022年,华农财险定下了“进入中型财险公司第一梯队”的长远目标,又设下了“到2025年保费破百亿元”的中短期目标。然而,根据最新数据来看,实际情况与预期目标存在较大差距。因此,2025年,对于公司而言,压力不可小觑。

  在关键时刻,董事长之位突缺无疑为公司增添了更多的不确定性。这一年,如何在有限时间内缩小差距,实现突破,成为了摆在每一位决策者面前的重要课题。

  来源:北京商报

  备受关注的保险资金长期股票投资试点再次迎来新进展。4月16日,泰康资产管理有限责任公司(以下简称“泰康资产”)表示,泰康资产关于发起设立全资私募基金管理子公司泰康稳行私募基金管理有限公司(暂定名,以下简称“泰康稳行”)的申请已获得金融监管总局批准。

  当前,我国保险资金长期股票投资试点规模总量已增至1620亿元,参与试点的保险公司也从2家达到了8家,“老七家”头部寿险公司均在列。这些长期资金将投向何方?有哪些不同的模式探索?

  从“抱团”试点到单独尝试

  保险资金长期投资试点,指的是保险公司出资设立私募证券基金,主要投向二级市场股票并长期持有。

  保险资金长期投资试点始于2023年10月。第一批获批试点的中国人寿、新华保险各出资250亿元,设立规模500亿元的公司制基金。今年陆续启动了第二批试点。1月,太保寿险、泰康人寿、阳光人寿及相关保险资管公司获准以契约制基金方式参与试点,开展长期股票投资,规模合计520亿元。3月初,人保寿险、中国人寿、太平人寿、新华保险、平安人寿5家保险公司获批开展试点,规模合计600亿元。

  泰康资产日前“官宣”的泰康稳行基金便属于第二批试点。据悉,泰康稳行将作为基金管理人向泰康人寿定向发行契约型私募证券投资基金,泰康人寿作为单一持有人,首期投资规模预计为120亿元。该基金作为长期投资试点基金,将以基本面分析为出发点,精选境内市场和香港市场的优质上市公司,在科学严格管理风险的前提下,追求基金资产的中长期稳健增值。

  金融监管总局副局长肖远企此前表示,第二批试点的机制将比首批更加灵活,基金可以是单独由一家保险公司发起设立,也可以由两家及以上的保险公司联合发起设立。

  目前来看,泰康资产选择了单独发起设立私募基金的方式投资资本市场。财经评论员郭宇轩向北京商报记者分析,泰康资产作为头部险资管理机构,具备独立操盘能力和成熟投研体系,单独设基金可避免多方协调损耗,提升决策效率。此外,泰康资产依托泰康集团医养产业链资源,能深度挖掘医疗健康、科技等领域长期投资机会,实现产融协同。

  试点有望继续增加

  获得长期股票投资试点的前两批机构名单中,寿险“老七家”均已在列。

  科方得智库研究负责人张新原认为,保险资金设立私募证券投资基金入市对于自身和资本市场来说都有好处。对于保险公司来说,私募证券投资基金可以增加其投资渠道和收益来源,提高资产配置的灵活性和收益水平,在一定程度上可以解决险资入市投资的堵点、卡点。对于资本市场来说,获得了稳定的长期资金,能够提升市场的活跃度和稳定性。

  东莞证券表示,对保险公司而言,加快中长期资金入市不仅是政策引导的重要方向,更是保险公司实现稳健运营的内在必然需求。增加权益类投资与优化资产配置结构,有助于提升险企整体的投资收益水平,减轻利差损压力。

  实际上,保险公司纷纷布局长期股票投资试点,还能“平滑”二级市场股价变化对保险公司当期利润波动的影响。多名券商分析师在研报中均提到,中国人寿和新华保险各出资50%设立公司制基金投向了二级权益市场,在会计计量上可以采用长期股权投资方式,避免市值波动对当期利润的影响。在新会计准则下,采用权益法核算,将私募证券基金公司的利润和分红按比例计入投资收益,可以有效缓解直接投资二级权益市场对于报表的影响。

  今年1月,中央金融办等六部门联合印发的《关于推动中长期资金入市工作的实施方案》提出,要“提升商业保险资金A股投资比例与稳定性”“抓紧推动第二批保险资金长期股票投资试点落地,后续逐步扩大参与机构范围与资金规模”。

  张新原预测,未来,随着保险资金入市的规模不断扩大,设立私募证券投资基金入市的数量也将不断增加。郭宇轩进一步分析,预计头部险企倾向独立设立基金,中小机构则通过联盟或委托管理入市。

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