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  加力活跃并购重组市场

  “硬科技”正成为并购重组的重要主题。据记者不完全统计,截至4月18日,今年以来A股市场共发布近200单并购重组公告,其中,“硬科技”领域的并购重组占比约有六成。在政策支持和市场需求的双重驱动下,上市公司的并购重组向新求质、向智寻进,从规模扩张向价值创造跃升,加快向新质生产力转型升级。

  “硬科技”并购活力足

  今年以来,“硬科技”领域并购重组持续升温,半导体、人工智能、生物医药、高端制造等重点产业领域纵向延伸、横向整合的案例不断涌现。

  半导体领域并购活力足。3月31日,华大九天公告称,拟以发行股份及支付现金的方式收购芯和半导体科技(上海)股份有限公司100%股份。3月13日,华海诚科公告称,拟以发行股份、可转换公司债券及支付现金的方式购买衡所华威70%股权。

  人工智能、机器人领域并购火热,多家上市公司传出并购消息。3月8日,狮头股份发布公告,拟通过发行股份及支付现金方式,购买利珀科技100%股份,本次交易完成后,公司业务将拓展至机器视觉领域。

  对于并购重组的原因,不少上市公司在公告中提到,旨在拓宽业务领域,发挥协同效应,实现业务整合与产业链延伸。华大九天表示,本次交易有利于提高公司资产质量、改善公司财务状况和增强持续经营能力,有利于公司减少关联交易、避免同业竞争、增强独立性。

  “部分半导体、生物医药、新能源等‘硬科技’企业,面临技术迭代压力,通过并购可快速获取关键技术、人才和市场资源,加速创新成果转化,进而转型升级、强筋健骨。”招商基金研究部首席经济学家李湛表示,这主要表现在以下几方面:一是资源整合与协同效应,通过并购上下游企业,“硬科技”企业可补链强链,降低研发成本,快速进行技术商业化。二是技术突破与创新加速,并购可帮助“硬科技”企业获取前沿技术,缩短研发周期,提升国际竞争力。三是市场拓展与估值提升,并购优质标的可扩大市场份额,改善企业盈利预期,进而提升资本市场估值。

  从长远来看,“硬科技”领域并购重组踊跃,还有助于推动新质生产力发展。“新质生产力既来自于战略性新兴产业和未来产业的不断发展,也来自于传统产业的转型升级。”中国数实融合50人论坛副秘书长胡麒牧表示,对于新兴产业领域而言,并购重组将关键技术和优质资源进行有效整合,能够提升企业创新能力和成果转化能力,打造出更强大的增长动能;对于传统产业领域而言,并购重组有利于引入一些前沿科技成果,优化产业链、供应链布局,进而开拓第二增长曲线。

  创造良好制度环境

  “硬科技”并购活力迸发,是政策端、市场端以及上市公司自身多方面因素同频共振的结果。

  政策支持是关键。2024年,新“国九条”以及“科创板八条”“并购六条”等一系列政策组合拳激活了并购重组市场。尤其是2024年9月份发布的“并购六条”,提出支持科创板、创业板上市公司并购产业链上下游资产,增强“硬科技”“三创四新”属性,强化产业逻辑、提高交易灵活性,将“硬科技”企业并购重组热情推向高潮。

  地方政府积极支持并购重组,多举措引导上市公司向新质生产力转型发展。去年以来,上海、深圳等地陆续发布支持上市公司并购重组的行动方案,鼓励集成电路、生物医药、人工智能、新材料等重点产业领域上市公司用好并购重组通道提质向新、做大做强。

  “并购重组有了更宽松的政策和市场环境。”工信部信息通信经济专家委员会委员刘兴亮表示,首先,估值包容性增强,政策支持采用多元化估值方法,特别是对未盈利但具有高成长性的硬科技企业,提供更大的估值包容性。其次,支付方式多样化,鼓励企业综合运用股份、定向可转债、现金等多种支付工具实施并购重组,降低并购成本,提升交易成功率。此外,审核流程优化,推出并购重组简易审核程序,缩短审核周期,提高交易效率。“硬科技”企业通过并购重组,实现上下游产业链的整合,提升产业协同效应。

  新技术、新赛道不断涌现,为企业提供了更多并购机会。“从新质生产力的发展情况来看,国内科技创新活动不断出现重要突破,提振了企业发展信心,吸引优质资源向战略性新兴产业领域进一步集聚。”胡麒牧表示,此外,从资本市场运行环境来看,在适度宽松的货币政策环境下,市场流动性相对宽裕,利率持续下降,相关企业和资产估值不高,更容易通过低成本的并购整合获得高溢价。

  在政策支持和市场需求的双重驱动下,“硬科技”企业的并购预计将更为活跃,具有研发实力和市场前景的科创类企业并购意愿有望进一步提高,借助并购重组优化资源配置、提升经营效率、整合行业优势,补链强链、提质增效。

  加快打通堵点难点

  并购重组市场活跃度不断攀升,与此同时,有的“硬科技”企业重组计划搁浅、折戟,有的并购后出现业绩承诺不达标、商誉减值等后遗症,并购重组蕴藏的风险挑战也不容忽视。

  李湛认为,这些风险包括部分“硬科技”企业技术前景不确定,可能导致估值过高,增加商誉减值风险;部分跨国或跨行业并购面临技术整合难、管理理念差异等问题,导致协同效应难以实现。同时,当前并购重组还面临堵点卡点,包括估值体系尚不完善,未盈利“硬科技”企业缺乏成熟估值模型,传统方法的适用性有所不足;重大资产重组仍需多轮审核,流程较长,影响交易时效性;等等。

  “应进一步优化科技型上市公司并购重组制度,明确‘硬科技’界定标准,强化知识产权保护,降低并购中的政策风险。并且,建立完善针对‘硬科技’企业的科学估值体系,结合技术潜力、市场空间等多维度进行评估。”李湛建议,对符合国家战略的“硬科技”并购应缩短审批周期,鼓励券商、创投机构深度参与并购重组,更好地提供技术评估、跨境交易等专业化服务。

  刘兴亮认为,尽管当前并购政策有所放宽,但是部分企业仍面临融资难、融资贵的问题,限制了并购能力。同时,部分投资者对并购退出机制缺乏信心,影响并购活跃度。对此,他建议,一方面要加强金融支持力度,扩大并购贷款试点范围,提供更多金融产品,满足企业多样化的融资需求;另一方面要完善并购退出机制,增强投资者信心,提升并购市场活跃度。

  胡麒牧认为,进一步打通堵点卡点,做好风险防控,提升并购重组的质与效,应多方形成合力:企业要明晰发展战略,注重资源投放效率,着重关注业务互补、市场拓展、技术赋能以及产品优化,避免低效无效整合。中介机构要不断提升执业能力和服务水平,强化“看门人”的审核把关作用。监管部门要加强常态化监管,对内幕交易、股价操纵等违法违规行为予以严厉打击,维护公平竞争的市场环境。

  2025年,对“硬科技”企业并购重组的支持有望进一步加码。证监会主席吴清此前公开表示,将加快健全专门针对科技企业的支持机制。抓紧完善“并购六条”配套机制,在估值定价、审核流程、支付工具等方面进一步打通堵点,大力推进企业并购以优化资源配置、促进企业发展,推动更多科技创新企业并购案例特别是具有示范意义的典型案例落地。

  上市公司自身也要积极把握政策红利。刘兴亮表示,上市公司应密切关注政策动态,主动利用“绿色通道”等政策利好,优先推动符合条件的并购项目。要灵活运用支付工具,结合股份、现金、可转债等多种支付方式,降低并购成本,提升交易成功率。(经济日报记者李华林苏瑞淇) 新闻结尾 欧美大尺寸SUV免费|竟然开启了我人生的新篇章,快来看看我的奇妙经历!的相关文章
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