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中国式秘书2:最新热门影片尽在掌握,快来发现你的观影新天地!
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宁夏回族自治区

  记者阿尔达克

  防风固沙、水土保持、改善水质……在生态治理领域,一些特色植物不仅具有实实在在的生态价值,还成为不少地方产业发展、群众增收的助力。本版今起推出“美丽中国·生态治理中的特色植物”系列报道,让我们走近这些特色植物,解码人们是如何发现利用这些植物的多重功能,发挥其在生态治理中的作用。

  ——编者

  4月15日,塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的新疆和田地区于田县阿热勒乡防沙治沙点,一株株带着新芽的玫瑰苗被植入网格状沙障。灰黄色的沙丘上,渐渐冒出整齐的绿色方阵,为这片广袤沙海带来盎然生机。

  “人们印象中的玫瑰,是插在花瓶里供人观赏的,咱们这儿的玫瑰可是扎根沙梁的‘卫士’!”阿热勒乡万方村村民买吐孙·依布拉衣木蹲在新栽的玫瑰苗旁,脸上洋溢着笑容。

  买吐孙·依布拉衣木的话,道出了玫瑰在当地防沙治沙中的特殊作用。玫瑰娇艳、装点大漠,但更能凭借发达的根系固沙锁土,阻挡风沙侵袭。

  时间回溯至去年11月28日,同样在于田县,塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘阻击战空白区锁边任务最后种下的,是10万株玫瑰。为塔克拉玛干沙漠系上“绿围脖”,是新时代中国防沙治沙的新奇迹,而以玫瑰实现“合龙”的最后一步,饱含着无数治沙人的浪漫情怀。

  于田沙漠玫瑰适应沙漠边缘环境,根系发达,耐旱、耐盐碱

  “沙漠里竟能种玫瑰?”许多来到于田县的游客,常会有这样的疑问。

  于田县地处昆仑山北麓、塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘,气候干旱,昼夜温差大,日照时长充足。这样的环境,为特定品种玫瑰的生长营造出适宜的条件,当地种植玫瑰的历史十分悠久。以前,当地人主要将玫瑰用于美化庭院,制作玫瑰花酱。

  “我们本地人都知道,玫瑰是能固沙的。”买吐孙·依布拉衣木蹲下身子,扒开松软的沙粒,展示玫瑰的须根,“你看,玫瑰根系可以深入沙层至少3米,‘抓’住的沙子能堆成小沙包。”

  阿热勒乡党委书记蔡显富介绍:“于田县种植的玫瑰主要是于田沙漠玫瑰。这是适应沙漠边缘环境的特殊品种,耐旱、耐盐碱能力出色,能在恶劣的沙漠边缘生长。这种玫瑰根系发达,尤其是侧根生枝发芽快,经过科学培育,一株玫瑰2到3年就能形成一个宽2米到3米的花垄,对于固定沙丘、防止水土流失有显著作用。”

  同时,于田沙漠玫瑰多呈丛生状,植株密集,生长时,繁茂枝叶有效阻挡风沙、降低风速,减轻风沙对地表的侵蚀,根系还能固沙,对稳定沙丘、改善沙漠生态环境大有益处。

  于田县林业和草原局工作人员介绍,在于田风沙肆虐最为严重的前沿地带,当地精心种植了玫瑰防风林带。这些紧密排列的玫瑰植株,有效降低了风速,大大减少风沙对后方区域的侵蚀。

  在沙漠地区,要把玫瑰种好并非易事

  沙漠地区降水少,水源匮乏,大规模种植较为困难;此外,沙漠时常有风沙侵袭,强大的风沙可能会掩埋玫瑰植株,影响玫瑰生长,要把玫瑰种好并非易事。

  蔡显富记得,有一年,一场突如其来的沙尘暴席卷了新栽种的玫瑰苗种植区,狂风裹挟着大量沙粒,短短几个小时,就将近1/3的玫瑰幼苗完全掩埋。后续,被掩埋的玫瑰苗即便被工作人员及时挖出,不少也因根系受损严重,最终没能存活。

  为了种好玫瑰,于田县相关部门与科研人员紧密合作,依据沙地分布状况、风向规律及水文条件等,探索科学合理的规划。

  在沙地内部,根据地形及有限水源的分布情况,当地采用块状或带状两种不同的种植形式。在地势较平坦、水源相对充足区域,以块状形式种植玫瑰;在沙丘边缘、沙脊线等位置,则采用带状种植。

  同时,于田县创新种植模式,采用“乔木+灌木”混合种植方法,在塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘规划大面积绿化带。高大的乔木在风沙前沿形成防风屏障,有效降低风速,减少风沙对玫瑰的直接侵袭;灌木发达的根系与玫瑰根系交织,稳固沙土的同时改善土壤结构,为玫瑰生长营造更适宜的环境,显著提升玫瑰的成活率。

  通过这种因地制宜、科学布局的种植方式,于田县成功构建起一套行之有效的沙漠生态防护体系。今年,阿热勒乡在塔克拉玛干沙漠锁边带外围规划了大面积绿化带,计划新增玫瑰种植面积1.8万亩。在这里,梭梭、红柳、沙枣等茁壮挺立,成片玫瑰点缀其间,防沙治沙的生态效益得以彰显。

  沙漠里种玫瑰,带动当地村民增收,大家参与防沙治沙动力更足

  “去年光靠种玫瑰,我家收入就增加了6.3万元。现在种玫瑰,政府还给补贴。”买吐孙·依布拉衣木说,这几年,眼看着身边的沙漠一点点变绿,全家一合计,就在沙漠承包了50亩沙地种玫瑰,“这样既能增收,还能为家乡防沙治沙出份力,很有成就感!”

  如今,于田县的玫瑰产业已突破单一种植的局限,产业格局更加多元立体。

  清晨采摘的鲜花,在12小时内进入加工厂,蒸馏出的精油深受消费者青睐;玫瑰纯露、玫瑰花茶、以玫瑰为原料的化妆品等30余种深加工产品畅销全国;电商直播更让相关产品的销售额逐年增长。玫瑰走出沙漠,走向更广阔的远方。

  玫瑰产业发展,为当地提供了更多就业机会。加依乡尤喀克加依村村民托胡提汗·如孜已成为于田瑰觅生物科技股份有限公司的一名熟练操作工,能在多个岗位工作,每月工资3500元,闲时还能照看家里的玫瑰花田。

  近年来,于田沙漠玫瑰种植规模持续扩大,目前全县种植面积近8万亩。2024年,于田县玫瑰花产量超过1.2万吨,亩均产值3975元,带动4238户村民增收。“沙漠里种玫瑰,老百姓尝到了甜头,大家参与防沙治沙的动力更足了。”于田县林业和草原局党组书记贾存鹏说。

  在于田县,玫瑰的价值,还不止于防沙治沙、致富增收。

  走进乡村,一条条乡间小道旁,玫瑰簇拥绽放。村庄的公共空间也被精心布置,以玫瑰为主题的花坛、花境错落有致,与民居相映成趣。在玫瑰产业发展过程中,于田县将玫瑰元素巧妙嵌入乡村景观建设,当地乡村变得越来越美。

  依托玫瑰种植基地,于田县开发了多个生态旅游景点,游客既能欣赏玫瑰花海,还能参与玫瑰采摘、产品制作等。贾存鹏介绍,今年,于田县计划在扩大玫瑰种植规模的同时,通过科技创新、产业融合,让玫瑰产业成为当地群众致富增收的幸福产业。

  夕阳西下,忙碌了一天的买吐孙·依布拉衣木站在沙丘高处远眺。以前栽下的玫瑰已连成一片绿色丝带,“你看,沙子在玫瑰根下安家了。” 新闻结尾 中国式秘书2:最新热门影片尽在掌握,快来发现你的观影新天地!的相关文章
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