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  “整体来看,我们对后续A股市场持相对偏乐观的态度。过往经验表明,许多优质公司在经历关税考验后,反而进一步提升了其本身的竞争力。”近日,摩根士丹利基金权益投资部总监、大摩景气智选混合拟任基金经理雷志勇在接受澎湃新闻记者采访时表示。

  雷志勇认为,2025年以来,一批中国科技企业在不同领域实现了创新突破,引发全球资本对中国科技实力的重估,科技创新引领的投资机遇值得重点关注。在泛科技板块中,今年TMT中的人工智能产业链、高端制造中的国防军工和风电等板块的景气度较优。他认为,AI带来的产业演进仍在继续,贸易争端会对产业的进展带来扰动,但不会改变发展趋势。

  2024年,由雷志勇管理的大摩数字经济A年收益达69.23%,在全市场主动权益类基金中排名第一,这也是外资独资公募基金公司首次斩获年度冠军。

  看好三大景气领域

  近期A股市场呈现显著震荡态势,主要指数波动加剧。雷志勇表示,市场在政策“组合拳”的呵护下逐步消化外部冲击,情绪也逐步修复,整体来看,对后续A股市场持相对乐观的态度。

  雷志勇进一步解释称,其一,自去年9月起,国家政策大力扶持资本市场,释放出积极信号;其二,市场流动性保持宽松,为资本市场注入活力;其三,产业的催化和进展令人期待,像AI算力基础设施和应用等领域都蕴含着巨大的发展潜力。

  雷志勇强调,海外关税政策带来的扰动可能是阶段性的,“随着外部事件冲击逐步缓解,绩优股和符合新兴产业趋势的优质公司,在股价跌至估值低位后,往往会迎来修复。”

  “从产业和市场层面来看,若中国能保持工程师红利、维持产品创新与产业链完整,贸易关税不会影响整体产品的竞争力;在未来一段时间,如果国内不断补足技术短板(比如半导体先进制程),资本市场中长期估值反而将随之提升。”雷志勇说。

  他介绍,摩根士丹利基金权益投研团队采用“投研一体化”的融合研究模式,注重高频跟踪、对比成长板块内各行业趋势与景气度变化,为基金经理筛选出边际变化更大、即将迎来产业拐点的行业提供了重要的参考。

  “从我们的跟踪来看,今年人工智能产业链仍将维持高景气,国内互联网厂商资本开支加速,高速率光模块迭代加快,大模型演进下推理侧计算需求上行。AI应用也将迎来从0到1的突破。此外,风电领域招标量和装机量快速增长,有望迎来景气反转。国防军工板块处于订单和收入确认拐点,随着‘十四五’收官,积压订单将落地,业绩有望快速增长。”雷志勇表示。

  谈及港股市场,雷志勇认为,外资对中国资产的低配状态有望扭转,随着国内经济复苏,港股资产吸引力增强,海外资金有望重新流入,港股估值或将迎来修复;部分港股科技股龙头目前估值具备吸引力,在市场企稳之后,基本面优质的个股发展空间和潜力将得到展现。

  “在人工智能领域,港股市场有许多优质的应用型公司,此外,不少传统制造业公司的估值和股息率都具有较高吸引力。”他指出。

  AI投资今年需更注重基本面

  展望2025年,雷志勇认为AI产业链仍将维持高景气,不过,相较去年,今年需调整选股思路。

  在他看来,国产算力链的景气度及确定性都可能优于海外算力链。国家“东数西算”工程已规划10个国家级算力枢纽、12个数据中心集群,总投资超4000亿元,加上国内互联网巨头和运营商的资本开支支持,国产算力供应链上下游各个环节都将充分受益于国产AI基建周期。

  具体到AI应用方面,雷志勇表示,国内AI应用正加速从技术突破转向场景落地,在政策支持、算力基建和行业需求的三重驱动下,形成“大模型+垂直场景”的融合创新格局。

  展望未来三年,他预计AI应用将呈现三大趋势:一是行业大模型加速落地,如智谱GLM-4在教育、金融的定制化方案;二是AI智能体从工具向自主决策演进,Manus的任务分解能力将重构企业服务流程;三是合规技术与AI深度融合,隐私计算、数据标签化等技术成为刚需。将重点关注政务智能化、医疗精准诊断、生成式营销、国产算力生态等赛道,这些领域已形成“政策-技术-场景”的闭环,具备规模化落地条件。

  谈及选股思路,雷志勇强调,无论是算力板块、应用板块、机器人板块,今年选股都要以基本面为支撑。他主要关注三点:其一,今年的业绩是否维持增长;其二,有没有AI产品或订单落地;其三,公司战略层面是否积极拥抱AI,积极提升自身运营能力和产品吸引力。

  科技投资的波动性是资本市场无法绕开的话题。雷志勇认为,波动是资本市场的固有现象,没有股票或指数能持续单边上涨而不回调,应对波动的关键在于聚焦股票基本面和行业景气度,“我们要规避的是股价回撤后一蹶不振的情况。只有所选产业趋势和个股基本面经得住考验,股价在受到系统性风险冲击回撤后才有可能重新上涨,甚至再创佳绩。”

  澎湃新闻记者孙铭蔚

MACD金叉信号形成,这些股涨势不错!

  少龙最近很忙,作为小红书媒体工程技术的负责人,手上的几个项目在同时进行,最紧迫的来自于准备这个月月底与OPPO合作的“原彩ProXDR显示技术”上线。

  “技术很复杂,原本计划是在下半年落地,现在提前了几个月,但这次将是社交平台上首次实现HDR技术的全链路落地,团队最近都在加班加点。”少龙对记者说。

  HDR是一项影像技术,通过提升亮度范围、色域等让图像呈现更接近真实场景的细腻视觉效果。这项技术在2010年被苹果首次引入手机领域时便引发关注。而15年后,来自于中国的手机厂商正在推动这项技术在更多的社交平台落地,并且联手谷歌推动安卓生态统一HDR标准。

  从最初的摄像头CMOS到镜头模组,再到光学镜片,中国手机厂商的影像战场不再局限于镜头上的竞争,它们正在牵引更多的上下游产业链公司入局,展开生态之战,这里面有合作方谷歌,也有像小红书、微信、抖音这样的影像分享社交媒体。

  “标准统一起来了”

  越来越多的手机厂商开始向上下游渗透,试图牵引产业链构建一套新的影像标准。

  一张合影照片此前在网上掀起了热议。合影中聚集了国产影像供应链上的诸多龙头企业,不仅有谷歌、索尼、高通、三星、哈苏这样的国际厂商,也有舜宇光学、丘钛科技、豪威、小红书这样的国内企业,覆盖了从上游的硬件与核心元器件,到中游的核心设备与系统集成,以及下游的场景应用企业。

  在中国手机影像的发展上,这些产业链上的公司为手机厂商构筑了坚实的技术基础。无论是华为的计算光学、vivo的影像算法矩阵,还是小米的亿级像素以及OPPO的超光影图像引擎,其中涉及的芯片、镜头、传感器、平台的ISP、算法以及调试方向认知都在显示,国产手机在移动影像上正在逐渐从跟随者转变为标准的制定者。

  少龙对此深有体会。

  过去,HDR技术主要通过拍摄多张不同曝光度的图像帧,并将这些帧合成一张HDR图像,来保留高光和阴影的细节,使照片更为“真实”。虽然在手机上使用的比较多,但除了照片显示阶段,其他产业链环节并没有HDR效果,社交平台也并未对这一技术有所涉及。

  “没有普及的根本原因在于链路很长,涉及手机拍摄支持、APP发布端支持、服务端编码和传输等多环节。此外,渲染和显示时要适配众多机型,HDR照片因为计算管线的压缩,显示时色彩往往会有丢失。如果想保证处理效果没有损耗,端侧解码和显示都要满足复杂的指标。”少龙对记者表示,更难的在于手机厂商之间的标准并不同,比如OPPO采用谷歌UHDR标准,华为、苹果也都各有标准,需在发布端兼容,并在服务端统一适配和处理,再下发播放端解码渲染显示。

  在OPPO影像算法总监罗俊看来,技术最难的部分在于算法架构上,需要投入大量的研发力量,而标准的制定则需要手机厂商、应用端以及谷歌三方共同去推动。

  “事实上在推动技术落地的过程中,我们也让谷歌做出了一些改变,把标准统一起来了,这意味着其他平台和应用也能够在这样的标准下进行开发。”罗俊对记者表示,中国的生态圈相对更为聚焦,所以这些标准在中国更能发挥作用。

  除了HDR技术,OPPO去年也首次在安卓领域,实现实况照片在小红书平台分享。而在技术打通后,苹果以及其他手机厂商也开始支持实况图的落地。

  “技术领先三个月就可能被超越,但标准能卡住生态位。”一位手机供应链人士对记者说。

  移动影像的下一步

  历经多次技术迭代,中国的手机影像已经走入了技术深水区,但目前来看,各大手机厂商的技术路径实现方向并不一致。

  比如在与徕卡终止合作后,华为发布了自己的影像品牌XMAGE,主要聚焦光学系统、机械结构、成像技术、图像处理四大成像模块。同时联合清华大学艺术与科学研究中心色彩研究所,基于“色彩科学”对影像色彩进行调校。

  vivo则依托自研蓝图传感器技术、自研影像算法矩阵及蓝图影像芯片形成了“蓝图影像”矩阵。vivo技术负责人对记者表示,手机的影像功能需要更多的算法叠加,消耗的是CPU、GPU的资源,所以在定义产品时,芯片的能力成为了实现影像效果的基础之一。

  OPPO的凝光影像则更强调“环境人像”,通过环境表达出人物的身份信息、性格描写和情绪状态。比如在LED大规模普及的城市夜景中,人物的肤色会变得发青或发黄,但通过分区色温感知技术,让传感器捕捉色彩信息后再结合算法进行光学分区,再还原出自然的肤色。

  “我们有一个AI肤色模型,此外针对不同的场景,模型数量差不多在200个,可以基于不同的场景切换。”罗俊对记者表示,光学硬件不再是计算摄影的瓶颈,而计算摄影则不断刷新着光学能力的上限,两者的关系更像是光学是决定水位的容器,算法是提升水位的水泵。

  罗俊认为,从发展趋势来看,手机影像正在细分为五个步骤,分别是“拍、看、编、分、管”,怎么拍、怎么看、怎么编辑、怎么分享、怎么管理。AI消除、AI超清像素,AI去反光其实就是“拯救废片”的逻辑,而在分享的环节则涉及到很多生态链路,这需要算法模型和光学链路的结合。

  Counterpoint手机半导体资深分析师齐英楠有着同样的看法。

  他认为,在高端市场,影像成为各大品牌提升产品差异化的主战场,围绕相机功能升级已经从如何拍摄出清晰的影像,发展为面向不同使用场景、光线环境提供专业级的摄影、摄像体验,在这个过程中,不仅有硬件规格、性能的升级,也有对光学和算法融合的不断探索,还有对上下游生态的理解能力。

  “单纯地炫技和秀参数一定无法在未来的影像竞争中获得领先身位,看似简单的手机拍照动作,背后考验的是厂商的软硬件一体化作战能力。”齐英楠说。

  (本文来自第一财经)

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