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  南方财经全媒体记者林汉垚实习生德吉卓玛北京报道

  北京市信托财产登记机制探索步伐不断加速,《关于做好股权信托财产登记工作的通知(试行)》(以下简称《股权信托登记通知》)正式下发不足一周,全国首例股权信托财产登记就已落地。

  2025年4月16日,中信信托成功在北京市朝阳区市场监督管理局完成了“中信信托-东方园林破产重整专项服务信托”的股权信托财产登记,成为全国首例股权信托财产登记。

  中信信托表示,股权信托财产登记的成功落地,切实解决了行业痛点,强化了信托财产的独立性,为信托公司开展股权信托业务提供了清晰的操作指引和坚实的制度保障。

  两天完成全国首例股权信托财产登记

  据了解,为响应国务院《支持北京深化国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区建设工作方案》的要求,北京金融监管局联合北京市市场监督管理局于4月10日出台《关于做好股权信托财产登记工作的通知(试行)》(以下简称《股权信托登记通知》),指导北京辖内信托公司进行股权信托财产登记。

  随后,4月15日,中国信托登记有限责任公司(下称“信托登记公司”)宣布,即日起向北京辖内信托机构提供股权信托财产登记试点相关登记服务。

  就在信托登记公司宣布提供相关登记服务次日,中信信托就在北京市朝阳区市场监督管理局完成“中信信托-东方园林破产重整专项服务信托”股权信托财产登记,该案例也是全国首例股权信托财产登记。

  公开信息显示,该试点项目是中信信托和外贸信托作为双受托人的项目,旨在帮助北京市朝阳区国资委控股的A股上市公司北京东方园林环境股份有限公司完成破产重整,符合监管机构倡导的信托行业创新转型方向。

  在北京金融监管局、中国信托登记有限公司、北京市监局、北京市朝阳区政府、北京市监局朝阳分局的支持和指导下,中信信托仅用时2天即完成全国首单试点项目落地,将所持股权在标的公司营业执照上明确标注股权为信托财产。

  中信信托表示,股权信托财产登记的成功落地,切实解决了行业痛点,强化了信托财产的独立性,为信托公司开展股权信托业务提供了清晰的操作指引和坚实的制度保障。这一创新实践不仅标志着股权信托登记政策从“制度设计”迈向了“实践落地”,也为我国信托财产登记制度的完善和信托行业的高质量发展奠定了坚实基础。

  北京信托财产登记机制不断完善

  近几年,有关部门一直在推动信托财产登记制度的构建。

  2023年11月,国务院发布了关于《支持北京深化国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区建设工作方案》的批复,原则同意《支持北京深化国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区建设工作方案》。并指出,在金融服务领域,在风险可控的前提下,探索建立不动产、股权等作为信托财产的信托财产登记机制。

  2024年年底,北京金融监管局、北京市规划和自然资源委员会印发《不动产信托登记通知》,开始探索以不动产作为信托财产的信托财产登记。

  2025年4月2日,北京辖内国投泰康信托和中国外贸信托分别在通州区和昌平区的不动产登记中心进行了首次不动产信托财产登记。

  其中,国投泰康信托在北京市通州区完成全国首单住宅类不动产信托财产转移登记,为北京市一位老人及其自闭症子女设立不动产信托,帮助老人实现“生前养老照护”与“身后守护子女”的目的。

  中国外贸信托为北京市一位中年市民专业化定制不动产信托“外贸信托-吉量10号”(以下简称“吉量10号”),将物流仓储设施登记为信托财产,根据其意愿将信托收入的50%定向用于慈善捐赠,剩余部分专项用于老人赡养与子女教育。

  至此,北京市不动产信托、股权信托财产登记探索相继落地,信托财产登记机制不断完善。

  对此,有业内人士向21世纪经济报道记者表示,北京金融监管局对辖内股权及不动产信托财产登记工作的创新实践先行一步。相关发文从制度上保障了信托财产独立性,保证信托风险隔离制度功能的有效实现,更有利于保护信托受益人合法权益,也为全国推行信托财产登记提供了可行范例,为我国尽快出台信托财产登记制度起到了积极的推动作用。

  4月18日,银行板块持续走强,中证银行指数已7连涨,工商银行、农业银行、中国银行、建设银行、上海银行等在盘中均创出历史新高。

  其中,建设银行报收9.22元/股,涨1.54%,总市值15758亿元;工商银行报收7.14元/股,涨1.28%,总市值23531亿元;农业银行报收5.42元/股,涨0.93%,总市值18588亿元;中国银行报收5.68元/股,涨0.35%,总市值15420亿元。

  上海银行更是在近3个交易日连创新高,18日报收10.59元/股,总市值站上了1500亿元。另外,兴业银行、厦门银行、长沙银行亦涨幅靠前。

  今年以来,中证银行指数累计涨幅达到3.41%,上海银行涨幅居首,为15.74%,齐鲁银行、渝农商行、兴业银行、重庆银行均涨超10%。

  值得注意的是,银行股近段时间以来屡创新高,也被市场解读为降准降息的前兆,此前,央行曾多次表态要择机降准降息,有市场观点认为目前时机可能已经成熟。

  去年以来,央行进行了两轮降准,分别为2024年1月24日和2024年9月27日;3轮降息,分别为1月22日、6月20日、9月20日。

  第一财经根据历史数据统计,降准降息的前后,银行股大多有不俗的表现,比如2024年1月1日-2月22日期间,中证银行指数涨12.9%;9月12日-10月8日期间,中证银行指数涨21.9%。

  银河证券研报指出,央行公布2025年3月金融数据,社融信贷增长超过预期,资金活化程度提高。政府债继续发力支撑社融。关注有效信贷需求改善的持续性。货币政策适度宽松状态延续,降准降息预期增强。大行增资开启,基本面积极因素累积,利好银行信贷投放和资产质量。

  湘财证券分析师仇华认为,预期2025年存款准备金率的调整次数可能也为两次,预期降准发生在2025年4月和7月,释放资金1.5万亿元左右。预期LPR下调时间滞后于降准,全年降幅在25BP左右。

  招联首席研究员、上海金融与发展实验室副主任董希淼认为,从目前金融数据分析,短期内LPR下行的可能性降低,而降准的必要性更大。

  “二季度,可实施全面降准0.5个百分点,进一步传递出提振投资者信心、维护资本市场稳定的明确信号。降准可释放长期稳定的低成本资金,有助于进一步降低银行资金成本,推动银行更好服务实体经济,促进经济高质量发展,为应对外部冲击、稳定资产价格等奠定更加坚实的基础。”他说。

  目前,已有35家上市银行披露2024年业绩,合计营收基本持平、归属净利润增长2.4%。展望2025年,国泰海通证券分析师刘源预计,2025年上市银行的营收压力略大于2024年,净利润增长中枢较2024年微降,但仍有望保持正增长,资本充足率和分红率延续平稳。

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