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北京青年小说全集_背后的伦理困境与社会争议
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北京青年小说全集_背后的伦理困境与社会争议

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  法治助力“小哥”权益更有保障(法治头条)

  近年来,外卖配送员、快递员等新业态劳动者权益保护受到广泛关注。立法、执法、司法、法律服务等多环节同向发力,不断加大对新业态劳动者权益的保护力度,为劳动者畅通维权渠道,提供更加精准便捷的法律支持。法治暖“新”,“小哥”权益更有保障。本版选取了几个保护外卖、快递“小哥”合法权益的典型案例,看司法机关如何通过公正司法,维护新业态劳动者权益,依法支持和规范发展新就业形态。

  ——编者

  送外卖受伤,法律援助维护正当权利

  记者张璁

  “赔偿款已经拿到了,多亏了有法律援助!”江苏扬州邗江区法律援助中心里,刘某母亲一面不住地感谢,一面将写着“维护正义热心助残”的锦旗,交到法援律师周洁手里。

  事情要从几年前说起。

  刘某是聋哑人,但他不怕难、肯吃苦,靠着做外卖骑手自食其力。然而在2021年3月,一场事故却不幸降临——刘某在送餐途中,突遇前方车辆的“开门杀”,刘某避让不及一头撞了上去。尽管经交警部门认定对方全责,刘某不承担事故责任,但他的受伤却让整个家庭顿时陷入了困境。

  “当时,刘某的赔偿主要涉及交通事故赔偿、工伤赔偿两部分,但落实工伤赔偿却困难重重。”江苏澄修律师事务所律师周洁说,当日,他正在法律援助中心值班,接待了一筹莫展的刘某及其母亲。

  原来,刘某作为外卖骑手,受聘于江苏苏州某网络有限公司(以下简称“Q公司”),但他的工资却是由安徽某服务外包有限公司发放。“认定工伤的前提是存在劳动关系。”周洁介绍,平台往往采用“众包”“外包”等模式,刘某就被要求注册成了个体工商户,依照当时的相关规定,要认定刘某与Q公司之间存在劳动关系存在一定障碍。

  “法律援助就是为困难群众雪中送炭。”邗江区法律援助中心主任黄炜娟说,中心指定了周洁作为刘某的法援律师,“案子再难我们也要试一试。”

  第一步就是要搜集证据。

  起初,周洁的思路是从残联找线索——根据相关政策,企业聘用残疾人可以享受税收优惠,就有可能在残联留下备案登记的记录。为此,周洁不光跑遍了扬州和苏州的相关单位,还跑到安徽当地的残联调查。但一路奔波却一无所获,案件也因此陷入了僵局。

  转机在2023年年中终于出现。

  一天,刘某突然想起,Q公司在太平洋保险曾为其购买保险,但记不清具体险种。会不会是雇主责任险?周洁感觉找到了突破口,于是立即联系到保险公司,并最终确认的确是雇主责任险。

  这个证据,让周洁有了打赢官司的底气。2024年5月,关于工伤赔偿的案件第一次开庭时,尽管Q公司提交了承揽协议、刘某开设个体工商户等资料抗辩不存在劳动关系,但面对确实购买过雇主责任险的事实,最终提出双方和解,并由Q公司支付工伤赔偿。后经双方达成一致,刘某终于拿到了他应得的13万元赔偿款。

  “跟了3年多,终于能给法援申请人一个满意的交代。为困难群众打开法律服务的大门,正是法律援助的价值所在。”周洁说,如今相关法规政策更加完善,去年12月最高人民法院也发布了相关指导性案例,对新业态用工相关问题进行了明确,再遇到类似的案件,办起案来就明晰、简便多了。

  遭遇欠薪,检察机关支持起诉

  记者倪弋

  李志杰夫妇此前一直在山西老家打工。2023年5月,李志杰在某直播平台看到介绍招聘快递装卸和分拣员的消息。在主播的介绍下,夫妇二人来到北京,在“老板”王某的安排下从事快递分拣工作。

  3个月的工作时间里,他们各自只拿到部分工资,其余工资一直被拖欠。虽多次向快递公司讨要,但快递公司称工资都已经给了王某。李志杰遂向北京市通州区检察院邮寄申诉材料。

  受理该案后,检察机关决定通过支持起诉的方式办理该案。经调查发现,夫妇俩在直播平台上看到的招聘信息系快递公司外包的第三方劳务公司发布,并非宣传中所称的“快递公司直聘”。夫妇俩曾与劳务公司签订过用工协议,但被对方以“代为保管”名义收走了,且二人只能提供向王某催要工资的少量聊天记录、零星的工作打卡记录等,现有证据无法确认劳务关系和用工薪资。

  “我们以快递公司用工打卡小程序为证据突破口,要求快递公司核实李志杰夫妇的工作时长、身份情况。”承办该案的通州区检察院检察官孙亚丽介绍,找到快递公司负责人后,检察官向其释法说理,建议该公司先核实夫妇二人的身份信息以及具体工时,结合同类型用工协议查清薪资数额;同时督促该公司清偿二人工资,后续再向相关外包公司或责任人追偿等。

  在检察机关的督促下,从受理该案起不到10天时间,夫妇二人与用工方达成和解并顺利拿回欠薪。

  李志杰夫妇遇到的情况并非个例。“在办理该案的过程中,我们发现快递工作人员这一群体遭遇欠薪的问题较为突出。”孙亚丽介绍,对此,检察机关要求快递公司进一步排查被欠薪快递员的人数和薪酬发放情况,完善公司用工外包机制,加强对外包公司的资质筛查,规范用工行为,防止此类事件再次发生。

  此外,通州区检察院还关注到部分短视频平台上存在以直播形式发布虚假招聘信息的情况,并发现涉案劳务公司位于河北省某市。通州区检察院遂向河北省某市检察院移送线索,建议该检察院与当地行政机关深化合作,对涉案劳务公司开展调查,打击整治“黑职介”,督促其规范用工行为;同时加强对直播平台新型用工招聘形式的监管,共同预防和化解欠薪问题。

  “新就业形态正处于快速发展阶段,在用工关系、工作时间、工作内容等方面更加灵活,部分企业为追求快速扩张,可能忽视对劳动者权益的保障。”通州区检察院检察长李辰介绍,将坚持“治已病”与“治未病”并重,以案促治,加强新就业形态用工监管,保护新就业形态劳动者权益。同时通过“线上+线下”双渠道开展常态化普法宣传教育,帮助劳动者提升法律意识和维权能力。

  获职业伤害保障,法院判决第三人侵权仍应赔偿

  记者魏哲哲

  “不论是人为操作过错还是门禁失灵,物业都该担责!”一次送餐经历,让冯某走上了打官司之路。

  原来,冯某骑电动自行车到某物业上海分公司服务的小区配送外卖。保安开启门禁后,冯某骑行驶入过程中,电动门突然从外向里闭合,将冯某连车带人夹紧并挤推向前,冯某倒地受伤,医院诊断为颈部脊髓严重损伤,有瘫痪风险。冯某为了维护自身权益,将某物业上海分公司、某物业公司诉至法院,请求其承担医疗费、残疾赔偿金等各项损失。

  物业该担责吗?“本案事发时,外来人员进入案涉小区均需通过某物业上海分公司控制打开电动门,因此其对进出电动门的人员负有安全保障义务。”上海市第二中级人民法院办案法官费鸣说,在冯某启动电动车尚未完全通过电动门时该电动门即开始关闭,某物业上海分公司保安在操作电动门开启时存在疏忽,未能为冯某安全通过预留足够时间,导致冯某受伤。

  根据民法典相关规定,分支机构以自己的名义从事民事活动,产生的民事责任由法人承担;也可以先以该分支机构管理的财产承担,不足以承担的,由法人承担。最终,上海二中院判决某物业上海分公司、某物业公司承担相应赔偿责任,对冯某的合理损失承担80%的赔偿责任;此外,冯某驾车时握持手机,存在相应安全风险,未尽到谨慎的注意义务,应承担相应的责任。

  在案件审理过程中,物业方提出,冯某被认定为职业伤害,获得了职业伤害保障待遇,应用于抵扣侵权损害赔偿。

  这也成为该案审理的一个焦点和难点。根据人力资源和社会保障部等十部门《关于开展新就业形态就业人员职业伤害保障试点工作的通知》要求,为保障新就业形态就业人员的合法权益,上海市启动职业伤害保障试点。本案中,冯某是新就业形态就业人员,在工作期间受伤,被认定为属于职业伤害,并获取了8万余元的职业伤害保障待遇。

  那么,能否用于抵扣侵权损害呢?“职业伤害保障具有社会保险性质,在工伤保险制度的框架下运行。”费鸣表示,某物业上海分公司、某物业公司的侵权责任,属于第三人侵权损害赔偿范畴,属于私法领域的赔偿,两种赔偿制度的特点和功能不同。

  最终,上海二中院认定,冯某已获得的职业伤害保障待遇与本案侵权损害赔偿中主张的残疾赔偿金不存在重复,属于基于不同法律规定的框架下可兼得的项目,因此冯某已获得的一次性伤残补助金及鉴定检测费不应在赔偿总额中予以扣除。

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