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  近日,在抖音上线的家庭访谈实录节目《家有“网”事》引发网友共鸣。资深媒体人李小萌与华南师范大学心理学院教授攸佳宁首次合作,聚焦青少年用网问题,邀请家住朝阳区的可乐妈妈分享他们的家庭“网”事。可乐妈妈曾因孩子使用手机的问题而焦虑不已,在她眼里,10岁的孩子可乐使用手机的时间太久,排斥其他娱乐方式,学习时有不满,是沉迷手机的表现;而在可乐眼里,自己并没有因为使用手机而拒绝写作业,也没有因为控制使用时间而大发脾气,算不上沉迷网络。

  随着“数字原住民”逐渐长大,相似的矛盾开始在越来越多的家庭中发生。在网络平台中,“不给看手机就不吃饭,还闹情绪”“孩子周末因为玩手机与父母产生争执,一气之下竟离家出走”等话题的讨论时有发生。在数字化时代,未成年人使用手机的需求和尺度应该如何把握,而家长对此产生的焦虑情绪是否有疏解的途径?

  对“小网民”的监督难平衡

  就读五年级的可乐接触手机的过程在“数字原住民”的成长中颇为常见。

  可乐妈妈说,手机在可乐很小的时候就介入了她的生活。“小时候孩子不喜欢吃饭,所以就在哄她吃饭的时候播一些动画片。到了一年级,可乐开始有喜欢的网络游戏和想看的内容,玩手机的时间也拉长了。所以我开始限制她玩手机的时间,但是后来孩子还是为了玩手机而敷衍对待作业。”

  事实上,可乐妈妈和很多家长交流过未成年人使用手机的问题,并且普遍有了一个共识:“手机已经成为一种学习和交流的工具,在各种社交场景中都会使用,因此杜绝孩子使用手机并不现实。”

  与此同时,《第6次中国未成年人互联网使用情况调查报告(简版)》显示,当前超九成未成年网民会利用互联网进行学习,并有超三成认为上网对学习很有帮助。超三成未成年网民表示,会在网上发布笔记或短视频、会发弹幕、会玩网络流行梗和表情包,经常在网上消费等,近六成未成年网民经常在网上聊天,过去一年在网上消费过。

  “孩子之间有社交需求,在微信中交流,更多的孩子私下关系会更好。而且孩子们的社交平台和网络游戏会相互关注,他们认为这是一种很酷的行为。”可乐妈妈说。

  缓解矛盾需要花心思

  业内普遍认为,家长作为最有能力了解、管理、保护未成年人情况和行为的监护人,是未成年人保护的第一道防线。然而,身处第一道防线的家长往往没有很多行之有效的解决办法。

  在可乐妈妈看来,量变转向质变的节点是可乐偷偷在网络游戏中充值。“当时我对可乐说必须制定一个使用手机的规则,但是执行规则的时候她相当抵触。”可乐妈妈表示,“随着时间推移,可乐开始不断试探我的底线,我们的矛盾也越来越深,也爆发过激烈的争吵。”

  制定规则之初,可乐妈妈也曾借鉴其他家长的经验,建立一些奖惩措施。“比如说孩子完成得好,就给予她一些奖励,如果完成得不好,就取消周末玩手机的时间。但是奖惩并不管用,只会让我们的矛盾越来越深。”可乐妈妈表示。

  然而对于规则的制定,李小萌发现,孩子付出的信任要远大于家长。“家长很少相信孩子可以只玩半小时手机,所以也很少给孩子选择的权利。”李小萌认为,“家长不应该用自己的道德判断来解释孩子的行为,并因此忽略实际沟通中的困难点。”

  在节目中,华南师范大学心理学院教授攸佳宁给可乐妈妈提供了一个思路。攸佳宁认为,家长在执行规则的同时应该给孩子提供选择和提醒。“比如使用手机的时间只剩下五分钟时,家长应该有意识地提醒,剩余的时间不够重新开始一局游戏,可以利用这个时间回复同学的信息,或者看一个几秒的短视频。”

  “孩子认可我以沟通和提醒的方式管控,虽然偶尔还是会偷偷玩,但是该收手机时还是会配合,使用手机的时长和频率都有了好转。”可乐妈妈表示。

  另一种解决方法则是在使用手机时培养孩子的兴趣爱好。可乐妈妈发现,孩子逐渐通过短视频和网络信息学习绘画。将娱乐工具转变成学习工具以后,孩子关闭手机、动手实践的时间更长了,玩网络游戏和短视频的时间相对少了。

  如何安抚担忧的家长

  但是,家长对于未成年人沉迷手机和网络的焦虑不会轻易消失。

  一方面,家长的焦虑来自对于未知未来的恐惧。可乐妈妈坦言,她从前会为升学的相关信息感到焦虑,因此不希望孩子因为沉迷手机和网络而影响未来的学习和就业。“在这一方面,很多营销号和育儿号会放大家长的焦虑。”

  另一方面,家长同样担忧网络中暗藏的不良信息会影响未成年人的行为和价值观。“孩子刷到的一些游戏攻略都包含不良信息。”可乐妈妈表示。

  不当使用手机有可能促使未成年人处于危险境地。2024年,最高人民法院发布了涉妇女儿童案件情况显示,侵害妇女儿童犯罪行为呈上升趋势,涉网络犯罪问题突出,网络不良信息侵蚀问题不容忽视。

  面对这种情况,未成年人更需要来自家庭的监护和引导。在节目中不难看出,可乐对于网络社交表现出很强的防范意识,在网络平台上拒绝透露真实的年龄、住址、支付信息、照片等个人隐私信息。“是妈妈教我的。”可乐坦言。

  但是仅依靠家庭教育并不足以构建起完善的防止网络沉迷体系。可乐妈妈认为,在防止未成年人沉迷手机和网络的过程中,网络平台应该承担起相应的责任。“抖音平台做得相对好一些。在打开应用时,页面会自动弹出未成年人模式的选项,这样既可以强制孩子使用,也可以及时提醒家长,在孩子使用手机之前主动、人为地制造一个相对安全的信息环境。”可乐妈妈表示。

  当然,防止未成年人沉迷手机和网络还需要更多力量协同合作。“相关主管部门应当继续推动多方协同落实,可以通过典型案例等方式,进一步划定规则的应用边界。不仅如此,还需要将网络平台和手机厂商在未成年人保护领域的实践进行总结和提炼,形成具有行业共识和可行性的标准化规范,更加充分地向家长宣传,更好地加强防护。”业内人士认为。(李濛)

  来源:北京晚报

  4月25日电据农业农村部网站消息,据农业农村部监测,4月25日“农产品批发价格200指数”为118.38,比昨天上升0.05个点,“菜篮子”产品批发价格指数为119.31,比昨天上升0.04个点。

  截至今日14:00时,全国农产品批发市场猪肉平均价格为20.78元/公斤,比昨天下降0.5%;牛肉62.21元/公斤,比昨天下降0.5%;羊肉59.19元/公斤,比昨天下降0.5%;鸡蛋8.30元/公斤,比昨天下降1.1%;白条鸡17.38元/公斤,比昨天上升1.1%。重点监测的28种蔬菜平均价格为4.58元/公斤,比昨天上升0.2%;重点监测的6种水果平均价格为7.72元/公斤,比昨天上升0.7%。鲫鱼20.65元/公斤,比昨天上升0.5%;鲤鱼14.38元/公斤,比昨天上升0.8%;白鲢鱼10.30元/公斤,比昨天上升0.7%;大带鱼40.52元/公斤,比昨天下降0.1%。

  今日,国内鲜活农产品批发市场重点监测的46个品种中,与昨天相比价格升幅前五名的是葱头、香蕉、平菇、菠菜和蒜薹,幅度分别为3.4%、2.3%、2.1%、1.9%和1.9%;价格降幅前五名的是菜花、生菜、菠萝、青椒和韭菜,幅度分别为2.7%、2.1%、2.1%、1.8%和1.7%。

  上海4月25日电(记者陈静)传统的胃肠肿瘤根治手术患者需要住院1周-2周;在加速康复外科模式下,不少胃肠肿瘤患者接受微创手术只需在医院住48小时。记者25日采访获悉,当下,经过专家团队的不断创新,部分胃肠肿瘤患者上午入院接受微创手术,下午即可出院。

  在同济大学附属上海市第四人民医院,胃肠外科主任涂小煌告诉记者,患者在院时间进一步缩短,对医生团队而言,不仅要有理念上的更新,还要有精湛的微创技术要求以及全程的精准管理。这位专家坦言,医疗团队必须有主观能动性,用心去做并积累经验,早期实践可以从身体素质较好、医从性较好,家离医院较近且较为早期的年轻胃肠肿瘤病人开始,经过一段时间实践后最终是可以实现对绝大多数择期胃肠肿瘤手术的病人实施日间手术的目标。

  在采访中,这位专家表示,其实身体条件好的,没有严重基础疾病的可切除肿瘤的患者均可接受胃肠肿瘤的日间手术。但是,目前国内因为病人及医务人员的观念尚没有转变,导致有条件实施日间手术的病人较少。“有些病人觉得宁愿在医院多住点时间来观察,以确保完全康复,并不愿早出院。”他说,这需要在学术和观念上进行科普和理念推广。

  涂小煌表示,开展日间手术,医生必须提升微创手术技术及围术期各种医疗措施的管理水平。他说,术后24小时即可出院的极速康复病人,若把术前检查安排在入院前,都可以进一步缩短在院时间,大幅提升医院资源利用率。

  他分享了一个病例,一位40岁的女性直肠恶性肿瘤患者上午八点半进入手术室,九点手术开始,十点半手术顺利结束。回到病房后,她无需他人帮助,便能自由下地活动,还开始进行流质肠内营养,全程无需输液。下午四点半,办理出院手续后,她回家继续康复。

  涂小煌强调,胃肠肿瘤日间手术模式推动了康复理念的革新。创新模式促进医疗从“治好病”向“快速康复、减少创伤”转变。该模式更加注重术前评估、营养支持、疼痛管理等全流程协作,助力患者快速康复。

  在采访中,这位专家表示,不良饮食习惯、烟酒嗜好、缺乏运动,幽门螺杆菌感染、肠道疾病、炎症性肠病等都是消化道肿瘤的高危因素。家族中有胃肠癌病史者,发病风险增加2倍-3倍。他建议40岁以上、有家族史、慢性胃炎或幽门螺杆菌感染者,35岁-40岁及以上有息肉或肠癌家族史者应接受胃肠镜检查、粪便检测。(完) 林予曦的代表作品MD0044图片,中国免费网站服务器下载免费畅享便捷网的相关文章 中方回应美对华最高 245% 关税,称倘若美继续实质性侵害中方权益,中方将坚决反制,如何解读?的相关文章
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