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  最近黄金价格的波动有点大。

  4月23日,伦敦现货市场黄金价格大幅跳水,由前一日的3433.55美元/盎司降至3262.95美元/盎司,跌幅高达5.0%;COMEX黄金期货主力同样下跌,由前一日的3371.60美元/盎司降至3276.90美元/盎司,单日降幅为2.81%。实际上,COMEX黄金期货在4月22日就已经出现下滑,每盎司价格下降39.5美元。

  与此同时,黄金价格的变动也即刻反应在黄金相关的基金收益上,多只黄金ETF4月23日单日跌幅在6%以上。比如,华安黄金ETF单日跌幅达到了6.04%;易方达黄金ETF单日跌幅达到了6.25%;工银黄金ETF跌幅为6.04%。

  而在此前,银行理财也在不断增加黄金配置,开年以来,也有多位投研负责人向记者表示会增加黄金的配置。因此,不少银行理财也发行了“黄金”主题的理财产品,4月24日,中国理财网显示,目前共有10只存续的理财产品,理财公司主要是招银理财、光大银行、招银理财、民生理财,其中光大理财最多,共有6只产品。

  在此次金价的调整中,银行理财是否也被波及?

  银行理财“幸免于难”

  对于理财子来说,黄金类资产的配置意义在于降低组合波动。尽管近期黄金价格的回调使得黄金这一资产本身成为波动的来源,而由于投资策略和资产配置的要求,投资“黄金”标的理财产品没有受到明显影响。

  记者了解到,银行理财配置黄金的方式主要有两种,一种是为“固收+”类理财产品,加的资产主要与黄金有关,比如黄金ETF,这类产品的固收类资产在80%以上,可以投资黄金的部分由于资管新规对单一资产占比不能超过10%的规定一般在10%以内,而实际上,一位城商行理财子人士表示,配置黄金的比例大多在5%左右。因此,这类产品的收益来源主要还是债券,由于黄金占比较小,金价的波动对整个产品的净值影响不大。

  另一类是挂钩黄金标的的结构化理财产品,主要投资黄金相关的衍生品,此类产品大多为封闭式。以招银理财发行的“招睿焦点联动稳进黄金鲨鱼鳍”系列产品为例,该产品挂钩标的为“SGE黄金9999”,业绩比较基准按照“不超过5%资金投资于挂钩SGE黄金9999的看涨鲨鱼鳍结构期权”测算。

  而光大银行“阳光青睿跃乐享”的衍生品部分同样挂钩“SGE黄金9999”的场外结构性期权,衍生品投资比例也不超过5%。在投资策略方面,采用行OBPI(Option-BasedPortfolioInsurance)基于期权的组合保险策略,通过不低于80%的固定收益部分的资产和票息收益来覆盖期权费,同时期权部分,通过投资于挂钩SGE黄金的看涨自动赎回结构场外期权,获取增强收益。

  记者了解到,对于投资衍生品投资来说,投资收益的变化还与是否行权有关,在封闭期间内,如果产品并未触碰到行权条件,在未行权的情况下,理财产品的收益也不会有相应的变化。

  部分理财赎回止盈

  投资黄金在近两年似乎是稳赚不赔的逻辑。疫情之后,各国央行的潜在需求,不断攀升的政府债务,以及各国政府实施出口管制和投资限制,都增加了黄金的吸引力。特朗普2.0之后,美国贸易政策不确定引发的经济衰退和通胀风险,也为黄金提供了额外的支撑。

  “本次黄金价格调整,反映在交易端,因为近期‘做多黄金’策略逐渐拥挤,叠加近期做空期权的价格有所上涨,也暗示着接下来黄金价格的下跌,”一位国有行理财子的宏观分析师对记者表示。

  尽管由于配置比例不高,以及与是否行权有关,银行理财产品的波动并不如基金一般“刺激”,但是,理财的投资人员对金价变动也不是完全“无动于衷”,记者了解到,早在4月23日之前,一些投研人员已经提前察觉到金价的“泡沫”,并赎回了部分黄金ETF。

  对于日前黄金价格的大幅下调,多位理财子人士向记者表示早有预感,“中长期的投资逻辑没有变,但短期冲的太猛了,9天涨了16%,太夸张,后面100%要回调的”,上述城商行理财子人士告诉记者。

  已经有机构早早做出了反应,一位国有行理财子的多资产投资经理在22日告诉记者,其所在机构一直有黄金ETF的持仓,不过最近卖了一些,其内部判断目前已经是阶段性高点,是一个止盈的好时机,不过未来可能还会择机买入。

  一位合资理财子多资产投研负责人同样认为黄金短期增势太猛,关税站出现环节迹象后价格可能会回调。“目前黄金类资产有可能会有所调整,但还需要观察,目前我们对黄金的投资比例并不高,如果赎回的话也不会全部赎回”,他告诉记者。

  赎回还是持有?

  记者在采访中了解到,目前对黄金市场的共识是,金价的波动还会持续一段时间。

  4月23日,金价从高点回调超200美元,24日,黄金价格有所上涨,截至下午6时,伦敦现货黄金价格重回3300美元/盎司以上,涨幅在1.2%上下徘徊。

  中信期货研究认为,从短期来看,黄金价格变动的原因与中美贸易局势缓和与降息预期有关。特朗普表示愿与中国达成协议,并称将大幅下调对华关税至“远低于145%”,缓解了市场对贸易摩擦的担忧。此外,美联储降息预期有所降温,叠加美国财长暗示中美贸易冲突可能“很快缓和”,促使投资者获利了结黄金多头头寸。

  虽然短期黄金有整理需求,但中美贸易谈判进展与特朗普政策动向仍是关键风险点,市场情绪突变或引发短期剧烈波动。

  因此,中信期货研究认为,中长期维持多头观点不变,美国滞胀预期,以及若美联储持续不降息后衰退概率提升,是中期利多黄金的逻辑,而美元信用收缩的周期持续,是长期利多黄金的核心支撑。

  “等待拥挤缓释之后,还是要再上车的,”上述国有行理财子分析师告诉记者。

  在本周特斯拉财报电话会议上,埃隆·马斯克就其在政府任职的情况发表了两项非常有趣且相互矛盾的言论。

  首先,他暗示自己即将结束政府效率部(DOGE)的“临时”角色。

  马斯克在特斯拉的电话会议上表示:“从下个月,也就是五月开始,我投入到政府效率部门的时间将大幅减少。”

  马斯克可能会把更多时间花在自己实际业务上的这个简单想法,足以促使特斯拉股价在周三出现反弹。此前,特斯拉股价大幅下跌,很大程度上是因为马斯克在特朗普政府中颇具争议的角色。

  但紧接着,马斯克又暗示他不会完全离开政府部门,或许要到2029年唐纳德·特朗普总统任期结束时才会离开。

  马斯克说:“我想,可能在特朗普任期的剩余时间里,我都得继续做这件事,只是为了确保我们已经杜绝的浪费和欺诈行为不会卷土重来,如果有机会的话,它们肯定会再次出现。”他还补充道:“只要特朗普希望我继续做,并且只要这件事还有用,我想我每周仍会花一两天时间处理政府事务。”

  这到底意味着什么呢?马斯克继续留在白宫的法律依据又是什么呢?

  马斯克的角色已经处于华盛顿官方所允许范围的边缘。白宫曾表示他是一名“政府特殊雇员”,这使得他与全职联邦工作人员不同,能够继续从他所说的“大概17份工作”中赚钱。媒体报道称,马斯克在政府工作并未领取薪水。

  公共服务合作组织(PartnershipforPublicService)首席执行官马克斯·斯蒂尔(MaxStier)认为,赋予马斯克广泛权力来监管政府效率部门、解雇员工以及精简政府各机构,一直以来都是对政府特殊雇员相关法律的误用。

  他说,政府特殊雇员应该“带来政府内部所不具备的专业、专家技能”。

  但特朗普政府以这种方式聘用马斯克及其他人,“滥用了这一身份的目的,绕过了很多可能会出现在长期、全职雇员身上的利益冲突问题和背景审查问题”。

  斯蒂尔说:“埃隆·马斯克绝不应该插手那些与他的私人经济利益密切相关问题的决策。”

  斯蒂尔认为,政府效率部门的工作并非是一次成功的提高效率行动,而是浪费了资源。他指出,在报税季解雇美国国税局(IRS)的员工,将使政府今年损失数千亿美元的税收收入——这比整个联邦政府的工资支出还要多。

  政府效率部门在其网站上公布了所谓的成本削减数据,但这些数据很难核实。马斯克此前曾表示,他或许能够节省1万亿美元,但这似乎并未实现。而且对政府的实际影响目前还不得而知。

  斯蒂尔说:“我认为我们还没有完全了解事情的全貌,因为这一行动一直以来都极其不透明。”

  对于政府特殊雇员是有相关规定的。最重要的是,在365天的时间里,他们为美国政府工作的时间最多只能是130天。

  目前尚不清楚马斯克开始工作的第一天是1月20日的总统就职日,还是更晚的时候。他作为政府特殊雇员的身份——既不是志愿者,也不是正式政府雇员——是在2月初公布的。

  从技术层面上讲,如果他在5月底结束政府工作,那将是1月20日之后的130天,不过美国法规中对“政府特殊雇员”的规定表明,他们的130天工作时间可以是断断续续的。但马斯克并没有明确表示他会结束政府工作。相反,他说即使过了5月,他每周仍会拿出一部分时间投入到政府效率部门和政府事务中。

  斯蒂尔表示,如果白宫在法律规定马斯克不应再担任正式职务后,仍规避相关规定继续听取他的建议,他也不会感到惊讶。

  斯蒂尔说:“我认为他们到目前为止都没有遵守这些规定,所以他们以后很可能也不会遵守。”

  对于媒体提出的关于在政府特殊雇员130天期限结束后马斯克的角色可能是什么的更多信息的请求,白宫拒绝置评。

  特朗普给予马斯克的灵活性颇具讽刺意味,因为政府削减联邦工作人员数量的努力是建立在消除灵活性的基础之上的。此前一直在家工作的员工被要求回到办公室上班。特朗普还曾抱怨那些除了政府工作之外还有其他工作的政府雇员,不过他并未提供任何证据。

  美国政府特殊雇员不完全等同于全职政府雇员,尽管他们也需要遵守政府工作人员的道德规范,并提交财务披露报告。

  根据美国政府道德办公室(OfficeofGovernmentEthics)的一份简报,他们可能有薪水,也可能没有,但与其他一些政府工作人员不同的是,对他们在政府之外的收入没有限制。

  此外,美国司法部过去曾主张,政府特殊雇员要受薪酬条款的约束,这意味着他们不能接受外国政府的报酬。如果马斯克填写了所需的财务披露报告,也并未公开。

  特朗普此前曾承认马斯克今年会离开他的政府,但表示政府效率部门的工作将继续进行。

  特朗普4月初在“空军一号”上对记者说:“会有那么一个时刻,他将不得不离开,而当他离开后,各部门部长将完全接手,政府效率部门也会继续运转。我们有很多聪明人。我相信他们中的很多人会进入各个机构,从内部推动相关工作。”

  马斯克是特朗普政府中身兼多职的众多官员之一。政府道德办公室(OfficeofGovernmentEthics)作为可能会监督政府特殊雇员潜在利益冲突的政府机构,其负责人在特朗普任期开始后不久就被解雇了。美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔(JamiesonGreer)除了日常负责管理特朗普的贸易谈判工作外,目前还兼任道德办公室的代理主任。

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