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  本报记者 周尚伃

  为深入贯彻中央金融工作会议精神,落实新“国九条”及“1+N”系列政策文件要求,着力打造现代金融机构,培育国际一流投资银行,助力行业高质量发展,4月18日,中国证券业协会(以下简称“中证协”)根据相关法律法规及监管规定,制定发布《证券公司并表管理指引(试行)》(以下简称《指引》),旨在提升证券公司全面风险管理能力,加强对子公司及业务条线的“垂直化”管理。

  对于《指引》的发布,中信建投证券相关负责人向《证券日报》记者表示:“这是证券行业应对复杂金融环境、促进高质量发展的重要举措,也是推动行业从‘单一机构风控’向‘公司并表管理’迈进的制度性依据,对提升行业服务实体经济效能、防范系统性风险具有重要意义。”

  全面提升风险管理水平

  《指引》中提及的并表管理,是指券商对并表管理体系的公司治理、资本和财务等进行全面持续的管控,有效识别、计量、监测、评估和控制并表管理体系的总体风险状况。

  往前回溯,2020年,中国证监会批准6家券商实施并表监管试点,为试点转常规探索和积累了行之有效的做法和经验。近年来,券商专业类子公司数量增加、业务领域不断扩展、市场服务功能更为丰富、国际化发展稳妥推进,加强并表管理的必要性日益突出,需要出台统一全面的专项指引。在中国证监会指导下,中证协组织风险管理专业委员会,总结前期试点经验,广泛征求行业及监管部门意见,研究制定了《指引》。

  华泰证券相关负责人向《证券日报》记者表示:“此前仅有6家试点券商实施并表监管,其他公司缺乏统一规范。《指引》的出台使全行业统一标准,推动各家券商风险管理能力向高标准看齐,促进行业整体风险管理水平提升。”

  “前期监管试点实践证明,并表管理有助于健全券商治理体系,完善全面风险管理机制,提升子公司风险管理水平,为券商综合化经营提供坚实的风险管理保障。”中信证券相关负责人向记者补充说。

  总体上看,券商并表管理的核心目的在于加强券商整体风险管理能力,维护券商稳健运行,防范金融风险跨区域、跨市场、跨境传染。

  在上述中信证券相关负责人看来,近年来,券商综合化布局积极,境内外子公司设立数量快速增长,逐步出现综合化经营发展态势。伴随着经营业务领域的不断扩展,风险的复杂程度也随之提升。将风险管控边界从母公司层面扩展至母子公司视角,既是券商全面、及时、有效评估和管控风险的必然需要,也是促进证券行业稳健经营和高质量发展的必备保障。

  “监管框架不再局限于单一法人视角,而将穿透式并表管理作为对券商有效监管的重要手段。通过将资本约束和风险敞口计量延伸至合并报表层面,不仅能够动态捕捉表内外、母子公司间的交叉性风险,还能够为构建宏观审慎的行业防火墙打下坚实基础。”中金公司相关负责人表示。

  推动协同增效

  总体而言,《指引》结合我国国情和券商实际情况,形成体系化的并表架构指南,共八章、四十一条。

  从内容来看,主要包括以下几个重要方面:一是明确并表管理范围,要求券商以实管实控为基础、兼顾业务复杂性和风险相关性,合理审慎确定并表主体范围,全面覆盖表内外、境内外、本外币业务,切实防范金融风险跨区域、跨市场、跨境传染。二是明确并表管理各要素的管理要求,从完善公司治理架构、加强业务协同与内部交易管理、建立全面风险管理体系、强化资本管理等方面提出具体要求,指导券商建立健全并表管理架构和工作机制,加强对子公司及业务条线的垂直管理,持续提升全面风险管理水平。三是配套制定行业并表管理风控指标计算标准,要求券商构建覆盖整体风险和资本充足情况的指标体系,逐步实现系统计算与动态监测,确保及时掌握资本使用及业务风险状况。四是设置差异化过渡期,为稳妥推进行业落实并表管理要求,《指引》针对不同类型券商设置了最长不超过三年的过渡期安排。

  在上述华泰证券相关负责人看来,《指引》主要内容及导向包括四个层面,一是强化公司治理,通过明确权责划分与协作机制,推动券商治理结构的优化升级。二是强调资本管理的集约化与前瞻性,优化风险控制指标计算标准,提升资源配置效率。三是推动业务协同并规范内部交易,引导券商从规模扩张转向协同增效,提升综合竞争能力。四是从“试点探索”到“全面规范”,促进行业整体风险管理水平提升。

  从试点券商的实践角度来看,以中金公司为例,公司相关负责人表示:“试点以来,中金公司随着国际化战略的推进,业务领域不断扩展,强化公司治理、资本管理、风险管理、财务管理的重要性及必要性日益突出。”

  同样作为试点券商之一的中信建投证券,其公司相关负责人表示,在中国证监会的指导下,公司积极参与并表管理试点实践,将并表试点作为重要抓手,探索并表管理体系下风险管理与业务协同的管理新思路,持续推进完善全面风险管理体系。通过实施并表试点,公司在风险全覆盖、境内外子公司管理、风险预警和基础设施等方面得到显著提升,并表管理体系下的全面风险管理能力显著增强。

  总体来看,《指引》是对中证协《证券公司全面风险管理规范(修订稿)》和各类风险管理规范的有效统筹和强化,为行业机构践行并表管理提供了规范和指南,有助于券商夯实合规内控基础,统筹加强一体化、垂直化管理,促进功能发挥。长远视角来看,正如上述中金公司相关负责人认为,未来行业将从规模扩张向资本效率驱动转型,推动实现风险隔离机制与业务协同效应的动态平衡,为金融体系的整体稳健运行提供结构性保障。

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