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  从“住有所居”到“住有优居”——

  为千家万户建设更多“好房子”

  【经济界面】

  “层高不低于3米、4层及以上住宅设置电梯、隔声性能再提升……”住房城乡建设部发布的《住宅项目规范》将于5月1日起正式施行,为住宅建设划定了新的底线。

  今年的《政府工作报告》提出,适应人民群众高品质居住需要,完善标准规范,推动建设安全、舒适、绿色、智慧的“好房子”。“好房子”首次被写入《政府工作报告》,同时也成为社会关注的热点话题。

  从“住有所居”到“住有优居”,这不仅是标准的提升,更是时代对居住品质的全新注解。近日,记者深入多地调研,探寻新规背后的民生温度与行业变革。

  1、民生痛点呼唤标准升级

  “楼上拖椅子像打雷,楼下说话似在耳边。”北京市民张女士对记者抱怨,她所在的小区楼板隔音差,一家老小常被楼上的动静扰得难以安眠。

  调研中,记者了解到,居民对“好房子”的几个关键要素特别关注,包括高度、温度、湿度、净度、亮度等。人们普遍希望住的房子层高能高一些,通风和采光条件更好,密闭性和隔音性能更强,室内空气保持洁净且温度适宜,既不干燥也不湿冷。

  “当前,我国城镇人均住房建筑面积超过40平方米,房地产市场供求关系已经发生重大变化,人民群众住房需求从‘有没有’向‘好不好’转变。”中国房地产估价师与房地产经纪人学会会长、研究员柴强指出。

  在这一背景下,新规应运而生。新规将新建住宅层高提升至不低于3米,以增加空间舒适度与功能灵活性;要求4层及以上住宅设置电梯,适配老龄化社会需求;大幅提高墙体、楼板隔声性能,降低邻里噪声干扰;规定夏热冬冷地区住宅应设供暖、空调设施或预留安装位置……一系列量化指标,精准回应民生诉求。

  “层高的增加,能让室内采光和通风条件显著改善,为多样化装修、新技术集成提供空间,如安装中央空调、地暖等。同时,适度提升层高也适应了居民对更高品质居住空间的需求,符合新时代人民美好生活追求。”《住宅项目规范》编制组成员曾宇说。

  中国建筑科学研究院声环境研究中心主任闫国军介绍,规范提升了住宅声环境指标,将楼板隔声性能指标由“不大于75分贝”提升为“不大于65分贝”,有效减少邻里噪声干扰。“此次规范还对建筑设备传播的结构噪声、卫生间排水噪声等提出了限值要求,切实回应了居民对安静居住环境的诉求。”闫国军说。

  专家普遍认为,我国已步入老龄化社会,老年人上下楼梯较为困难,4层起设电梯可以极大满足适老化需求,也能方便居民日常出行和搬运重物。目前大量的多层住宅有加装电梯需求,但由于各种条件限制,实施起来难度很大。“新规将现行要求规定的7层起设电梯提升为4层起设电梯,基本能涵盖绝大多数住宅建筑,避免未来再面临加装电梯难题。”曾宇介绍。

  不仅如此,新规还要求在住宅建筑的公共空间和电梯轿厢内能随时接听和拨打手机。当有突发事件时,可及时对外联络,提升住户安全感。

  2、行业转型迎来新机遇

  在新规推动住宅品质提升的同时,技术赋能也为行业破局注入强大动力,推动住宅建设从传统模式向智能化、绿色化转型。

  在浙江宁波某新建住宅项目现场,施工人员正操作浮筑楼板施工工艺。“这种工艺可在楼板上形成弹性隔层,有效阻隔撞击声传播。”项目技术负责人介绍,采用该工艺后,楼板撞击声隔声性能将大幅提高。

  不仅如此,智能建造技术也在建设现场“大显身手”。在广东佛山某楼盘,施工方引入建筑信息模型(BIM)技术,对住宅全生命周期进行数字化管理。“从设计到施工,再到验收和运维,每个环节都可追溯,确保新规要求落地生根。”项目负责人表示。

  建设“好房子”,不仅给新技术、新产品、新材料提供了广阔应用空间,还能释放出扩内需、促消费的巨大潜能。

  “通过优化户型设计和提升品质,项目销售率也得到相应提升。”多家房企表示,通过提升产品品质获得了更好的市场回报。

  “好房子”建设是一项系统工程,涉及政策、市场、社会和技术等多个领域。近年来,住房城乡建设部等有关部门和各地在“好房子”建设相关标准、规划、设计、建造等方面已有许多创新探索和实践。通过项目示范等方式,由政府牵头推动保障性住房建成“好房子”,引导龙头开发企业带头在商品房中建设“好房子”。部分地方还结合老旧小区改造等工作,探索采用科学方法将“老房子”变成“好房子”,打造了各具特色的“好房子”样板,有效提高人民群众的居住品质。

  “‘好房子’建设对扩大有效益的投资、增加高品质住房供给、满足人民群众高品质居住需求、扩大国内需求、拉动经济增长、构建房地产发展新模式、推动高质量发展、推进中国式现代化等都具有重要意义。”柴强认为,下一步,还需要加大“好房子”建设的经济政策支持力度,特别是要统筹研究出台土地让利、金融支持、税收优惠、财政补贴等政策。

  3、既有住宅接轨新标准

  家住重庆渝中区中山二路红星亭坡小区的居民们最近格外开心。这个建于20世纪80年代的小区,过去因依山而建、地势高差大、台阶多且长,没有电梯和无障碍通道,居民出行极为不便。2023年,小区启动改造,安装了5部无障碍电梯,修建了7处无障碍坡道和1处无障碍折叠型通道,还在无法修建坡道的地方设置了3台爬楼机,让居民“按键直达家门”。

  这些改造措施,让居民的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。“以前出门太难了,我身体不便,几乎不下楼。”居民陈渝说,“现在能自己下楼晒太阳了,小区热闹多了。”据介绍,重庆市在老旧小区改造中,特别注重“一老一小”设施的建设。适老化改造不仅包括加装电梯、增加扶手、增设无障碍通道等,还涵盖了丰富老年人休闲锻炼场所、完善社区服务等内容。

  “我们正在起草‘好房子’建设标准和设计导则,未来将打造更多安全、舒适、绿色、智慧的‘好房子’,助力提升人民群众的生活品质。”重庆市住建委相关负责人介绍。

  从老旧小区的“逆袭”改造,到保障房项目的高标准建设,“好房子”的理念正逐步覆盖更多群体。

  走进深圳长圳公共住房项目小区,绿树成荫,鸟语花香,一排排崭新的高楼矗立其中。“我们采用装配式建造,预制构件在工厂生产后运到现场组装,安装误差控制在毫米级。”项目负责人自豪地说,“同时,全面应用干式法装修,不仅缩短了30%~50%的装修时间,还确保了品质,后期维护费用降低了80%。”

  陈先生是小区第一批住户,一家四口住在80多平方米的房子里。他感慨道:“房子建设得不仅实用,而且很漂亮,对我们有住房困难的老百姓来说,是实实在在的保障。”

  这只是当前保障房项目积极探索“好房子”建设的一个缩影。

  广东省深圳市龙岗区为6个项目7026套保障房配置了全屋智能;浙江省杭州市将笕桥单元配售型保障性住房列入首批3个“好房子”试点项目清单;上海浦东惠南民乐基地海恒苑保障房项目,通过全流程管控品质,精细化管理,让居民切实感受“好房子”品质……许多地方在保障房建设中,均将“好房子”标准作为重要目标,通过政府主导的民生工程,为住房市场树立了标杆,引领行业发展方向。

  “建设‘好房子’要以提升居民居住品质为导向,充分考虑不同群体需求,因地制宜推进,强化标准引领、技术赋能,既要把新房子建设成好房子,也要结合城市更新改造老房子,把商品住房和保障性住房都建成好房子。”柴强强调,要通过完善土地、财政、金融等相关保障措施,使好房子建设能够普遍推行、可持续发展。

  (本报记者邱玥)

  来源:光明日报 ipz-573:让你的上网体验更便捷、更高效!的相关文章 女子理完发顺走1280元的剪刀的相关文章
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