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站在长三角(盐城)智能网联汽车试验场(以下简称“试验场”)的调度指挥中心观景台上,一连串清脆的刹车声从多功能柔性广场传来,几辆汽车正从三个方向驶向广场中心并实现会车。另一侧的城市场景模拟区,工作人员正布置“假人”,为下一轮测试做准备,不远处呼啸而过的“飞行汽车”进行着模拟风阻测试。走进智能网联复杂环境多维模拟平台,暴雨和闪电在工作人员的指令下如约而至,远处的红绿灯在滂沱雨幕中渐渐模糊,这是在测试智能网联汽车在低能见度下的传感、决策等能力……

安全,是汽车行业发展的基石。一辆汽车由数以万计的零部件组成,如何才能判定其可靠?测试是必经之路。走进试验场,成百上千、不同型号的汽车正在多元化场景中开展测试。除了验证单车的“智能”,这里还是车路协同的试验场,并汇集了清洁能源、低空飞行等前沿交通要素,勾勒出未来智慧交通的蓝图。

智驾测试平台

创造多个“首创”

2020年11月,中汽股份投资15亿元,布局建设长三角(盐城)智能网联汽车试验场,这是中汽股份继综合汽车试验场后在盐城建设的第二个项目。2024年7月16日,项目正式启动运营。

“在试验场建成前,我国缺少一个大型、综合测试平台,来解决智能网联汽车正式上路前的各种问题,突出的问题有技术难以验证、迭代更新较慢等。”中汽股份总经理张子鹏在接受证券时报记者采访时表示,试验场承担两大使命:其一,服务于整个行业试验需求;其二,助力我国智能网联汽车技术迭代创新,围绕标准验证及前瞻引领开展相关工作。

试验场占地面积约4000亩,建设有8条专用于智能网联汽车的测试道路、3.2万平方米的试验室以及配套的油电氢醇四合一综合能源中心,能够涵盖智能网联汽车及自动驾驶能力测试的绝大多数场景需求,同时满足重型商用车主要测试能力,并兼顾飞行汽车和低空飞行器的测试能力。

除了规模大、综合性强外,试验场还带来了一系列首创:全球第一个、唯一一个在封闭汽车试验场内建设的真实隧道场景;智能网联多车道性能路创新性与智能网联高速环道一体化建设,可兼顾飞行汽车的测试要求等。

“真实”是记者搭车进入试验场智能网联隧道的第一感受。这条隧道全长840米,深达地下13米,暗埋段呈S形弯长度达350米,还有地下分流及地下合流匝道,如同都市中常见的隧道。工作人员介绍称,隧道的一大功能,是在没有GPS定位信号且网络信号受屏蔽的情况下,测试智能网联汽车感知、计算、决策、执行等功能。“我们希望测试智能网联汽车在失去‘眼睛’的情况下如何驶出隧道,这样才能真正考验其智能化程度。”

走进长达300米、净高6米的智能网联复杂环境多维模拟平台内,工作人员宛若“雷公电母”,通过操作平板电脑实现雨、雾、光照等调节。该平台工程师对记者表示,平台能对雾的浓度、雨的大小、光的颗粒直径等进行定量控制,从而进行系统科学的测试安排。通过配备丁字路口,还能实现高速车辆在雨、雾、光照模拟条件下的会车测试,这在国内属于首创。

总体上看,整个试验场包含多车道性能路、城市街区、可靠性试验路等功能片区。张子鹏表示,目前,试验场正在进行越野路、山地等新场景的兴建,预计新场景今年年底投入运行。

畅想未来交通的仿真社会

张子鹏对记者表示,试验场不仅仅是智能网联汽车的试验场,更是未来交通的试验场,它面向整个交通环境的参与者。在这里,交通参与者各司其职,搭建起小型“汽车社会”,为智慧交通这个大目标服务。

例如,试验场配套了油电氢醇“四合一”综合能源中心,可为不同类型新能源汽车提供能源补给,满足其测试过程中的能源需求。据介绍,该项目是中汽股份和中国石化的合作成果,旨在验证其面向未来的综合能源系统。

低头是车,抬头是飞行器,甚至还有既能跑又能飞的“飞行汽车”……在试验场,低空经济也率先腾飞。张子鹏表示,在建设时,公司创新性地将智能网联高速环道与智能网联多车道性能路进行一体化设计建设,建成超宽测试跑道。建设标准除满足智能网联乘用车和重型商用试验要求外,还满足通用飞行器2B类起降跑道标准,可以服务于飞行汽车和低空飞行器测试,助力低空经济的发展。

“此外,公司还和中国移动合作,超前布局了空联网基础设施,部署了最新一代通信感知一体化的5G-A网络基站,高度在600米以下范围内的立体通感网络全覆盖,有效增强了低空飞行器的通信和感知能力。试验场还实现了信号覆盖范围内低空飞行器飞行轨迹的实时捕捉,搭建起了国内首个汽车试验场内的低空飞行监管平台。”张子鹏说。

更“智能”数字试验场建设中

《中汽股份“十四五”发展规划》明确提出,公司围绕智能网联汽车试验“三支柱”法,努力构建“仿真—场地—道路”全景技术服务能力。目前,试验场可涵盖智能网联汽车及自动驾驶能力测试的绝大多数场景需求,而让测试更“智能”的数字试验场正有条不紊地建设。

在调度指挥中心的云控平台大屏幕上,基于试验场实景三维地图打造的虚拟1:1场景一览无余。受访技术人员表示,该平台实现了道路、车辆、人员、设备、环境、活动等要素完全1:1实景三维还原,试验场调度员能最直观地一图尽览场地运行状态,助力调度指挥工作。

基于数字孪生等技术,能够实现智能网联汽车仿真测试的数字试验场将在不久后问世。张子鹏说,当前,城市街区路侧部署了智能融合感知设备及车路协同测试平台,以支持和推进相关标准体系的发展。未来,中汽股份还可以提供车辆在真实场地中注入虚拟场景,以实现丰富组合场景高效测试的环境。

“我们会从控制端向车辆发送虚拟的目标物信号,让车辆‘认为’前方有行人或障碍物穿过,从而测试车辆是否有相应的反馈和执行相关动作。”张子鹏说,经过多次虚拟测试和调整后,再让车辆和真实的目标物进行验证,这样可以加快技术迭代更新的速度,节省经济、时间等成本。

(文章来源:证券时报)

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