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圣ヤリマン学园援交日记:哈利波特与火焰杯的传奇之旅再度开启!
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热点栏目自选股数据中心行情中心资金流向模拟交易客户端

  4月22日消息,港股早盘京东和美团双双大跌,分别跌超7%和6%。

  消息面上,美团和京东之争持续升级。继京东官微直言有竞对平台强迫骑手“二选一”后,双方博弈进入白热化阶段。 据媒体采访报道,受访骑手、商家反映暂未遭遇“二选一”等强迫性规则,部分骑手已开启多平台接单模式。美团于21日发布官方声明,明确否认“要求外卖骑手‘二选一’”相关指控,并强调“全球没有任何平台有能力或动机约束骑手接单选择”。

  从市场角度来看,京东的强势进攻确实给外卖市场带来了新的变局。艾媒咨询数据显示,2024年我国在线餐饮外卖行业市场规模为1.64万亿元,预计到2027年将达到1.96万亿元,其中下沉市场将成为重要增量来源。在这样一个快速增长的市场中,美团和京东的争端还将继续,而这场竞争的结果也将对整个外卖行业的格局产生深远影响。投资者或对美团和京东在外卖市场的激烈竞争存在担忧,担心市场份额的争夺和成本的增加会影响两家公司的盈利能力。

  出品:新浪财经上市公司研究院

  文/夏虫工作室

  核心观点:大族数控尽管业绩高增,但增长质量似乎堪忧,一方面,公司现金流持续下滑,是否牺牲质量换规模增长?另一方面,公司毛利率持续下滑,且低于行业均值,这又是否折射出其产业链话语权弱,相关行业竞争力是否真的强?此外,公司分拆募资项目进展缓慢,累计投入进度仅51%左右,此次计划港股二次上市募资必要性是否存疑?

  2025年以来,A股上市公司赴港股上市持续升温。根据公开资料不完全统计,已有超过30家A股上市公司递表或正式发布相关港股筹划上市公告。

  来源:公开资料,部分截图

  为何引发A股上市公司港股二次上市热潮?

  一方面,港股作为国际化资本市场,或有助于相关公司全球化业务布局。我们发现,多家公司在公告中都提到了“助力全球化发展”等理由。

  如3月12日,蓝思科技公告宣布,为进一步推进全球化战略布局,提升国际品牌形象,增强综合竞争力,公司拟发行境外上市外资股(H股)股票,并申请在港交所主板挂牌上市;4月20日晚,大族数控发布公告,公司拟发行H股股票并在香港联合交易所主板上市,其表示,此次筹划港股上市主要是基于公司长期发展规划,旨在深入推进公司全球化战略进程,加速境外资本平台建设,有效提升公司在国际市场的综合竞争力。

  另一方面,相关政策也支持港股二次上市。

  据悉,2024年4月,国务院出台《关于加强监管防范风险推动资本市场高质量发展的若干意见》,证监会基于此文件,与香港方面加强合作,推出五项措施以优化沪深港通机制,并助力香港提升其国际金融中心的地位,推动两地资本市场的协同发展。其中提到一项便是“支持内地行业龙头企业赴香港上市”。

  基于上述背景,我们将对相关港股拟上市或转H股上市公司进行深入复盘,看看相关标的质量究竟如何?港股二次上市募资又是否合理等等。

  来源:wind,部分截图

  产销两旺增长质量几何?产销率下降现金流变差

  4月20日晚,大族数控发布计划港股上市公告。

  大族数控专注于PCB领域的专用设备,产品覆盖多层板、HDI板、IC封装基板、挠性板及刚挠结合板等所有细分PCB产品的压合、钻孔、曝光、成型、检测等关键工序,是全球PCB专用设备行业中产品线最广泛的企业之一。

  PCB作为电子元器件之母,是电子元器件的支柱和连接电路的桥梁。PCB专用设备产业链的上游主要为模组、光学器件、控制电子件、机械器件、钣金机加件等器件生产商,下游为PCB制造商(如鹏鼎控股、东山精密、深南电路等)。半导体芯片与多层板、HDI板、IC封装基板、挠性板及刚挠结合板等各类PCB板及零部件进行装配后广泛应用于5G通信、计算机、汽车电子等各类终端电子产品,是电子信息产业链的重要组成部分。大族数控的盈利模式主要为主要通过向下游PCB制造商销售产品及提供服务实现收入及盈利。

  公司业绩更是翻倍式增长。2024年公司实现营收33.43亿元,同比增长104.56%;实现归母净利润3.01亿元,同比增长122.20%。

  对于高增的业绩,一方面,公司或受益于AI浪潮及消费电子复苏等影响;另一方面或因为上年低基数所致。

  大族数控的公司下游客户为PCB制造商,终端电子的需求与专用设备的投资具有正向相关性。从电子终端产品领域来看,2024年市场增长引擎为AI产业链中基础设施端的服务器及数据存储,增速高达45.5%,加上个人电脑、智能手机、消费电子等占比较大的市场回归成长通道,弥补了通讯产业有线网络设施、无线网络设施、汽车等领域的下滑,2024年全球电子终端市场综合增长率为4.9%。公司称,报告期内公司营业收入较上年同期显著上升,主要原因系受益于AI产业链基础设施需求爆发的推动,叠加消费电子复苏、汽车电子技术升级等多重利好因素影响,电子终端产业营收快速增长,带动全球PCB产业全球的市场规模上升及下游客户资本支出增加,从而拉动公司PCB专用加工设备订单的增长。

  我们从产销数据发现,公司呈现出产销两旺,销量同比增长116.83%、生成同比增长79.53%。然而需要注意的是,公司24年产销率相比23年有所下降,24年产销率为104.54%,而上一年产销率为115.53%。

  公司22年23年营收持续大幅缩水,23年处于历史低点。值得一提的是,尽管公司24年营收高增,但营收水平仍未恢复高峰时21年的水平,24年营收额仅为仅为21年高峰时的81%左右。

  值得注意的是,公司尽管业绩高增,但是经营活动净现金流却呈现出持续下降态势。2022年至2024年,经营活动净现金流分别为6.55亿元、4.17亿元、1.55亿元。

  我们进一步发现,公司24年应收票据及应收账款大幅上涨至27.57亿元,其中应收账款为24.7亿元,占同期营收之比高达74%。需要指出的是,公司营收巅峰的21年,其应收款营收占比为50%。

  至此,我们疑惑的是,随着公司业务发展是否存在通过放宽相关信用政策助推营收规模?公司相关产业链话语权究竟强不强?

  话语权强不强?毛利率低于行业均值且持续三年下降

  在公司业绩高增长情况下,公司的毛利率近三年却呈现出持续下降态势。2022年至2024年,公司毛利率分别为37.33%、35.04%、28.11%。可以看出,公司24年毛利率相比22年下降近10个百分点。为何公司毛利率下降如此之大?

  曾有投资者对于公司毛利率下降提出疑问,公司称主要是因为销售产品的结构变化,加上市场竞争加剧导致。未来公司将继续加强研发投入,提升产品竞争力和盈利能力。

  从公司收入结构看,钻孔类设备贡献了公司主要营收。

  钻孔类设备是否属于高毛利率板块?为便于比较分析,我们根据公司招股书提供可比公司,选取正业科技、燕麦科技、芯碁微装、东威科技作为PCB设备领域的设备制造商可比公司。我们发现,大族数控的毛利率相比可比同行燕麦科技、芯碁微装、东威科技等略显波动,且毛利率水平显著低于上述公司。

  需要指出的是,正业科技在PCB专用设备领域主要销售PCB检测自动化产品;燕麦科技主要销售自动化测试设备、测试治具等等设备;芯碁微装主要销售PCB直接成像设备及自动线系统、泛半导体直写光刻设备及自动线系统、其他激光直接成像设备等;东威科技主要销售垂直连续电镀设备、水平式表面处理设备等设备。

  与此同时,PCB市场仍以普通多层板属于中低端产品;而高多层板、HDI板、IC封装基板、挠性板及刚挠结合板等属于附加值较高的中高端产品。此外,多层板市场竞争较为激烈。大族数控附加值较高的业务收入占比究竟多少,目前从年报未查出相关信息,但公司毛利率低于可比行业均值或某种程度也折射出某些信号。

  从细分PCB市场来看,PCB的HDI结构设计越来越普遍,除智能手机及平板电脑外,AI服务器、汽车电子、AIPC、机器人、无人机、存储模组等终端采用HDI板的占比提升,特别是AI服务器加速卡、算力板、交换机等高附加值高多层板及高多层HDI板的用量迅猛增加,促使2024年18层及以上高多层板市场及HDI板市场营收分别大幅增长40.2%和18.8%,远高于其它细分PCB市场的增长水平;常规多层板、IC封装基板、挠性板等与AI相关度较弱的品类增速较低

  值得注意的是,大族数控今年一季报收入增速低于30%。2025年一季报显示,公司营业收入为9.6亿元,同比上升27.9%;归母净利润为1.17亿元,同比上升83.6%;扣非归母净利润为1.08亿元,同比上升90.1%;经营现金流净额为-3.35亿元,同比下降755.4%。

  对于低毛利率问题,公司曾在投资者互动给出相关回复,即公司一季度毛利率变化主要是因为销售产品的结构变化,加上市场竞争加剧导致。未来公司将继续加强研发投入,提升产品竞争力和盈利能力

  募投项目必要性是否存疑?

  4月20日,大族数控公告称,公司拟发行H股股票并在香港联合交易所有限公司主板上市,以深入推进公司全球化战略进程,加速境外资本平台建设,提升公司在国际市场的综合竞争力。公司将充分考虑现有股东的利益和境内外资本市场的情况,在股东大会决议有效期内选择适当的时机和发行窗口完成本次发行并上市。目前,公司正积极与相关中介机构就本次发行并上市的相关工作进行商讨,具体细节尚未确定。本次发行并上市尚需提交公司股东大会审议,并需要取得相关政府机关、监管机构、证券交易所批准、核准或备案。

  需要指出的是,大族数控核心业务主要为国内市场,海外市场收入占比仅10%左右。

  此外,我们发现,公司IPO募投项目似乎较为缓慢,其主要体现两方面,其一,募投进度,整体进度在51%左右;其二,相关项目进展不及预期。

  公司承诺投资15.24亿元的PCB专用设备生产改扩建项目和1.83亿元的PCB专用设备技术研发中心建设项目,两个项目截至期末投资进度分别为52%和43%。上述两个项目达到预定可使用状态的日期均为2024年12个月,但上述项目均被延缓至25年9月。

  公司于2024年10月18日召开第二届董事会第八次会议、第二届监事会第七次会议,审议通过了《关于募集资金投资项目延期的议案》,同意公司在募投项目实施主体、实施方式、建设内容、募集资金用途及投资规模不发生变更的前提下,将“PCB专用设备生产改扩建项目”、“PCB专用设备技术研发中心建设项目”达到预定可使用状态时间延长至2025年9月。

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