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  文|新浪科技张俊

  2024年,长安汽车交出了一份不让人满意的成绩单。

  虽然在销量方面创下了近7年新高,营业收入也实现同比增长5.58%,但营收增幅创下多年来新低,净利润更是同比下滑35.37%。

  增收不增利背后,是长安汽车重点打造的新能源品牌深蓝和阿维塔持续亏损,其中深蓝亏损15.72亿元,阿维塔亏损40.18亿元;合资品牌长安福特依然是现金奶牛,净利润为20.9亿元,但今年一季度,长安福特陷入销量大幅下滑困境。

  另外,长安汽车与东风汽车集团的重组还在进行中,虽然长安汽车称重组不影响其业务战略,但外界普遍认为,此次重组或将由东风汽车集团主导。这为长安汽车接下来的业绩再次增加了不确定性。

  值得一提的是,随着净利润大幅下降,2024年长安汽车高管薪酬也相应减少。其中,长安汽车董事长、党委书记朱华荣在2023年的税前报酬总额为263.4万元,而2024年则下降为225.7万元,同比下降了约14.3%。

  利润暴跌35%,高管降薪

  拆分长安汽车2024年财报。从销量上看,全年销量达268.4万辆,同比增长5.1%,创近七年新高,并且连续五年实现同比正增长;另外,长安汽车2024年新能源及出口销量创历史新高,其中长安新能源汽车全年销售73.5万辆,同比增长52.8%;海外销量53.6万辆,同比增长49.6%。

  然而,看似销量数据大好之下,长安汽车的财务表现却并不完全让人满意。

  2024年,长安汽车营业收入1597.33亿元,同比增长5.58%,与销量增幅相匹配,但营收增幅创下多年来新低;另外,归属于上市公司股东的净利润仅为73.21亿元,同比下降35.37%,创下近五年来最大跌幅,同时也是近五年来首次下滑;归属于上市公司股东的扣除非经常性损益后的净利润更是缩水至仅有25.87亿元,同比下滑31.59%。

  另外,长安汽车2024年的毛利率为14.94%,相比2023年减少2.32个百分点;从中国市场来看更是不太乐观,毛利率为12.07%,相比2023年减少4.07个百分点。

  产业观察家洪仕宾向新浪科技表示,长安汽车增收不增利背后可能有几点原因:成本上升,随着汽车市场竞争加剧,长安汽车为了保持市场份额,可能会增加广告、促销等营销成本,同时研发、生产等成本也可能随之上升,导致利润下降;另外,产品结构变化、市场竞争加剧、投资支出增加等因素,也导致利润空间缩小。

  此外,在2024年,长安汽车多项费用大增,销售费用同比增长26.11%,管理费用同比增长7.41%,研发费用同比增长8.79%。

  但值得注意的是,在净利润大幅下降之下,2024年长安汽车的高管薪酬也呈现出下降状态。2023年,在公司领取薪酬的董事、监事和高级管理人员从公司获得的应付报酬总额为3438.5万元,2024年这一数字下降为3173.7万元。

  长安汽车董事长、党委书记朱华荣同样如此,他2023年的税前报酬总额为263.4万元,而2024年则下降为225.7万元。

  深蓝和阿维塔,持续亏损

  对于增收不增利的尴尬局面,朱华荣在近日的业绩说明会上解释称,公司净利润下滑主要是同比2023年深蓝并表收益减少50.20亿元的影响;同时,公司加速推进向智能低碳出行科技公司转型,处于转型发展关键期,不断加大研发、新能源、品牌以及海外等的投入,面临长期投入与短期效益的平衡,加上汽车行业全面“内卷”,新增市场资源投入,经营上带来效益短期波动。

  从业务结构来看,2024年,虽然长安汽车的新能源汽车销量大增,但新能源板块依然处于持续亏损状态。

  2024年,阿维塔宣布全年销量73606辆,同比增长约100%。但财报披露,阿维塔2024年营收153.48亿元,亏损高达40.18亿元。长安汽车解释称,阿维塔因新品上市及产品焕新,销量增加,产品效益逐步改善,但为进一步丰富产品矩阵,在产品研发、品牌推广、渠道建设等方面持续保持高投入,导致亏损。

  深蓝汽车2024年交付量达到了24.3万辆,相较于2023年的13.48万辆几乎翻番,但未实现28万辆的年度目标。朱华荣在业绩说明会上虽然提到深蓝汽车实现阶段性盈利,但财报披露,深蓝2024年营收372.25亿元,依然亏损15.72亿元。对此,长安汽车解释称,深蓝汽车因产品结构改善、销量提升,同时公司积极推进降本增效等原因,利润亏损同比减少。

  2024年,阿维塔和深蓝汽车合计亏损高达55.9亿元,陷入了卖得越多亏损越多的局面。

  值得注意的是,合资品牌长安福特成为了长安汽车的现金奶牛。财报披露,长安福特2024年营收483.06亿元,净利润20.90亿元。长安汽车称,长安福特因出口增加拉动,同时固定费用节支,带来总体效益提升。

  不过,今年以来长安福特的销量走势却不容乐观。根据长安汽车公布的今年3月产销快报,长安福特今年3月销量为18265辆,同比下滑14.95%;今年1-3月,长安福特销量为47768辆,同比下滑14.09%。

  东风汽车或主导重组?

  今年2月,长安汽车与东风汽车集团同日发布公告称,正在与其他国资央企集团筹划重组事项,引发市场关注。

  长安汽车董事长朱华荣也在业绩说明会上首次公开确认,长安汽车与东风汽车集团的战略重组方案已“基本完成”。这在长安汽车的人事上已经体现出来,财报披露当日,长安汽车同时宣布了长安汽车总裁王俊辞任的消息。公告显示,王俊因工作变动,申请辞去公司第九届董事会董事、战略与投资委员会召集人职务,且不再担任公司总裁及其他任何职务。

  今年1月,中国兵器装备集团有限公司发布公告称,王俊升任集团副总经理、党组成员;今年2月,中国兵器装备集团有限公司官网显示,东风汽车集团董事、总经理、党委副书记周治平,调任兵装集团董事、总经理、党组副书记。而中国兵器装备集团有限公司是长安汽车的控股股东。

  洪仕宾向新浪科技表示,长安汽车与东风汽车集团的重组,对于双方来说可以实现资源整合、技术升级、市场拓展等方面的助力,长安汽车可以更好地整合资源,提高生产效率,降低成本,从而提高盈利能力;获得更多的技术资源,加快新产品的研发速度,提高市场竞争力;更好地拓展市场,提高市场份额,从而增加销量和利润。

  不过他也提醒,重组过程中可能存在一些不确定性因素,如政策变化、市场竞争加剧等,可能会对长安汽车的业绩和战略带来一定影响。因此,长安汽车需要做好风险防范和控制工作。

  比如外界的一个猜测是,东风汽车集团与长安汽车集团的控股股东中国兵器装备集团有限公司为同级单位,因此合并后东风汽车集团主导的可能性较大。

  虽然朱华荣表示,重组不会改变长安既定的品牌、技术及全球化战略。但目前重组方案还未正式对外公开,重组之后双方的品牌和业务会如何调整,还是未知数。对于长安汽车来说,变数依然很大。

我可以尝一下你那里吗作文-通道,入口便捷,速度飞快!的相关文章 全世界最好吃的火车!俄罗斯北极星号,吃什么?的相关文章
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