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导读

THECAPITAL

十二年的宿敌,握手言和

本文4446字,约6.4分钟

作者|王涛 编辑 | 吾人

来源 | 融中财经

人们每天坐电梯时,电梯里反复播放或展示的广告,虽然不会刻意去观看,但时间久了总能记住几个品牌。这就是电梯媒体的传播思路,电梯是大部分人绕不开的场景,这也导致梯媒广告的最大优势就是“强制曝光”。

分众传媒和新潮传媒作为行业双寡头,合计覆盖全国超90%的写字楼和70%的中产社区。二者之间的竞争持续多年,可以用宿敌来称呼。

而就在前几天,这两位宿敌以一种意想不到的方式结盟了。

“分众传媒”发布公告,拟以发行股份及支付现金的方式购买“新潮传媒”100%股权;初步确定“新潮传媒”100%股权的预估值为83亿元人民币;如若交易完成,“新潮传媒”将成为“分众传媒”全资子公司。

如果交易顺利完成,分众传媒将彻底掌控中国电梯广告市场,形成事实上的垄断格局,而分众和新潮这两个打了十多年的竞争对手,也即将变成一家人。

值得一提的是,这笔交易中最引人关注的问题莫过于:新潮传媒是不是卖得太便宜了?

新潮传媒最新估值相较其巅峰时期大幅缩水。2018年百度领投时,其估值达到120亿元,2021年京东入股时估值冲上160亿元,甚至在2023年还曾以210亿元入选胡润榜单。此外,新潮的账面还有约20亿元的充裕现金。

然而,如今83亿元的收购价,不仅低于新潮累计80亿元的融资总额,更只有巅峰时期估值的四成左右。

12年的冤家,握手言和

这场持续了12年的“双雄争霸”,最终以分众将新潮纳入麾下画上句号。曾经的宿敌,如今成为利益共同体,背后既是资本市场的博弈,也是行业格局重塑的必然选择。

2013年,新潮传媒创始人张继学瞄准分众传媒未覆盖的社区场景,以“三、四线城市+中产家庭”为切入点,开启了第三次创业。彼时的分众已是行业霸主,覆盖300个城市的写字楼和核心商圈,年营收超百亿。新潮的差异化策略迅速吸引了资本青睐,2017年至2021年间,新潮完成14轮融资,总额超80亿元,百度、京东、顾家家居等巨头纷纷入局。

2018年初,新潮传媒开始发起公开挑战,在当年的新年启动会上(3月末),其声称要打一场千亿级的仗,并在会后发出一份《关于全面抢夺分众亿元级客户的通知》,“与分众传媒的战争正式打响”。随后,双方老板开始在朋友圈隔空“交火”,江南春在朋友圈发文称,“没有任何一个公司是靠口水和碰瓷成功的,你能做多大永远取决于你能帮客户做多大”;张继学随后则在朋友圈声称要“打破垄断...好戏,才刚刚开始...”。

新潮推出的“亿元级客户五折优惠”策略,直接从分众手中抢走大量客户。分众被迫应战,2019年第一季度净利润暴跌76%至3.3亿元,而新潮同年亏损高达10.74亿元,价格战演变为“杀敌一千,自损八百”的消耗战。这场战争持续数年,分众虽保住了市场份额,但盈利能力持续承压;新潮则陷入“扩张-亏损-融资”的循环,2022年亏损仍达4.7亿元,直至2024年才勉强实现微利。

尽管竞争激烈,双方的市场定位却暗含互补。分众聚焦一线城市写字楼、商圈和影院,覆盖“主流消费人群”;新潮则深耕社区场景,触达“中产家庭生活圈”。截至2024年,分众拥有超300万终端,覆盖4亿城市人群;新潮在200个城市布局74万智能屏,1.8亿家庭用户是其核心资产。这种差异化让双方在客户结构上也形成分野:分众的客户以茅台、美团等大品牌为主,而新潮更擅长服务区域中小广告主,如本地生活服务和新兴电商。

然而,竞争的本质仍是资源的零和博弈。电梯点位的稀缺性导致双方在一线城市展开巷战,租金成本被不断推高。分众的媒体终端单屏收入约6000元,而新潮仅2700元,低效扩张加剧了盈利压力。与此同时,外部挑战接踵而至:抖音、微信等数字化平台蚕食广告预算,梯媒行业面临“触达效率”与“转化闭环”的双重考验。

对分众而言,收购既是消灭对手,也是补齐短板。合并后,其市场份额将从14.5%提升至17.2%,社区场景的74万终端将与分众的写字楼资源形成“全域覆盖”78。据测算,若新潮单屏收入提升至5000元,年利润可增加11亿元,市盈率仅7.5倍。此外,新潮的数字化投放技术(如AI标签筛选、效果归因)与分众的规模优势结合,或将重塑线下广告的生态。

值得一提的是,这场并购并非毫无隐忧。按市场份额来看,双方在电梯媒体细分市场的合计份额超80%,可能触发反垄断审查。2008年分众与新浪的合并就曾因垄断问题被叫停,此次交易能否过关仍是未知数。即便成功,分众仍需面对更复杂的竞争环境:短视频平台正以“精准投放+即时转化”的优势抢夺品牌预算,而分众的核心产品仍依赖传统屏媒,技术迭代缓慢。

12年的缠斗,最终以资本的理性选择收场。分众创始人江南春的“并购狂人”本色再现,而张继学从创业者变身“首席增长官”,则是妥协与现实的缩影。这场交易不仅终结了行业的无序竞争,更揭示了规模效应与差异化共存的生存法则——在数字化浪潮中,唯有整合资源、协同创新,才能抵御跨维度的冲击。

正如张继学所言:“合并是实现梦想的更好路径。”而分众与新潮的故事,或许正是中国商业竞争中“竞合逻辑”的最佳注脚。

十余位股东退出,是亏还是赚?

在最新的商业动作中,“分众传媒”宣布了对“新潮传媒”100%股权的收购计划,此次收购涉及“新潮传媒”旗下的50家机构、企业及个人股东。尽管目前交易的诸多细节仍在进一步敲定之中,但该交易已经得到了“分众传媒”控股股东“MediaManagementHongKongLimited”以及实际控制人江南春的初步认可,并且“分众传媒”与“新潮传媒”的50位股东就此次交易签订了《发行股份及支付现金购买资产协议》。

回顾“新潮传媒”的发展历程,早在2017年,其估值就已突破百亿大关,从那时起,融资、扩张以及与“分众传媒”的竞争便成为其发展的核心主题。据相关统计,“新潮传媒”的历史累计融资金额已达到80亿元人民币的规模。

在此次收购中,一个备受关注的焦点问题是:“新潮传媒”的出售价格是否过低?其最新估值相比巅峰时期出现了显著的下滑。2018年百度领投时,其估值为120亿元;2021年京东入股时,估值进一步攀升至160亿元;甚至在2023年,“新潮传媒”还曾以210亿元的估值入选胡润榜单。此外,新潮传媒账面上还持有约20亿元的现金储备。

然而,此次83亿元的收购价格不仅低于“新潮传媒”累计80亿元的融资总额,更是只有其巅峰时期估值的四成左右。面对外界关于“贱卖”的质疑,“新潮传媒”创始人张继学在社交平台上回应称:“如果此次交易是以现金方式完成,那么确实可以被视为贱卖。但如果是以发行股份的方式进行,情况就有所不同了。”

“分众传媒目前的市值约为1000亿元,但未来一年、三年或五年又会如何呢?大家还记得江南春曾经提出的‘500城、500万终端、5亿新中产’的宏伟愿景吗?基于对国内经济大循环的长期看好,分众与新潮合并后的协同效应将为股东带来更大的回报,并提升客户价值,我认为这是更好的选择。”

换句话说,持有分众传媒的股票可能比单纯依赖新潮传媒的估值更具长期发展潜力。

对于“新潮传媒”的股东们而言,这笔交易带来了复杂的情绪。早期投资者或许能够通过此次交易实现成本回收,但对于后期进入的股东来说,亏损似乎板上钉钉。

从表象来看,“新潮传媒”的出售似乎是一次战略整合的行动,但深入剖析后不难发现,这更多是资本层面的一种现实性退出策略。尽管张继学强调“换股比现金更有价值”,但对于那些希望以现金形式退出的投资者而言,亏损似乎已成定局。

然而,从另一个角度思考,新潮传媒既无法在A股市场实现上市,也难以进入美股市场。因此,将其出售给分众传媒,或许是当前最务实的退出路径。这笔83亿元的交易,也可以被视为为股东们提供的一种退出补偿。

具体来看交易细节:截至2024年9月底,分众传媒账上拥有37.75亿元的现金储备,而新潮传媒100%股权的预估值为83亿元。基于此,此次收购将采用“股份+现金”的复合支付方式。

这意味着新潮传媒的知名股东,如京东、百度、顾家集团等,可能会通过此次交易转换为持有分众传媒的股票。

根据交易安排,部分股东可以选择以现金形式退出,但大多数原始股东将获得分众传媒的股票。这些股票设有为期一年的锁定期,期满后股东可以自主决定出售。

目前的收购价格确实不算高,如果选择现金退出,许多投资者可能只能接受亏损。但如果选择持有分众股票,或许还能期待未来股价上涨来弥补损失。

这种股权收购方式,实际上是将新潮传媒的管理层和老股东的利益与分众传媒的未来发展紧密绑定。股东们想要实现解套甚至盈利,只能寄希望于分众传媒股价的上涨。

并购案件正在频发

值得一提的是,最近并购事件频繁发生,成为市场关注的焦点。

3月,A股上市公司ST金一(维权)发布了一则重要公告。公告指出,为满足公司战略转型与发展的需求,ST金一计划利用自有资金收购开科唯识1743.55万股股份,占开科唯识总股本的43.18%。此次交易完成后,ST金一将合计掌握开科唯识57.48%的表决权,开科唯识也将正式成为ST金一的控股子公司。

同样是在今年3月,另一家上市公司狮头股份也发布了一则并购公告。公告指出,狮头股份计划通过发行股份及支付现金的方式,收购利珀科技100%的股权。这一消息在科技行业引起了广泛关注。

与此同时,华大九天正式宣布收购芯和半导体的控股权,计划通过“发行股份及支付现金”等多种方式来完成这一并购。芯和半导体原本计划独立上市,于今年2月7日在上海证监局完成了辅导备案登记。然而,此次华大九天的收购计划,意味着芯和半导体的创始人可能将放弃独立IPO,转而选择“卖身”这条更为熟悉的道路。

几乎在同一时期,三笔重大并购案浮出水面,这背后反映出的是并购市场的热度不断攀升。据数据显示,2024年前三季度,并购退出渠道在整体退出市场中的占比达到了29%,较2023年上升了3个百分点;与此同时,IPO退出渠道的占比则为44%,较去年下降了14个百分点。进入2025年,仅第一季度,A股市场的并购重组交易金额就达到了920.95亿元,同比增长了432%。

从2024年开始,就有一批创业者不再执着于IPO,这直接推动了并购交易的火爆。2025年,DeepSeek和蜜雪冰城等企业分别在科技和消费领域引发了热潮。市场呈现出两种截然不同的局面:一方面,许多企业看到趋势向好,纷纷试图抓住IPO的窗口期;另一方面,也有企业选择“众人皆醉我独醒”,不再盲目挤向港股或美股,而是见好就收,将公司出售。

我们常常强调创业者需要具备坚韧不拔、坚持到底的品质,但凡事都有两面性。聪明的创业者不应一味执着于IPO。IPO成功固然可喜,但如果不行,将公司出售,然后再去创业、再融资,或许也是一种明智的选择。

一位知名投资人曾在网络上表示:“并不是所有的梦想都需要靠自己亲自去实现。毕竟,谁的钱也不是大风刮来的。并购也是一种出路,没必要非得亲自下场去卷。”

值得一提的是,在近期的并购重组市场中,国企身影频频出现,无疑成为了本轮“并购热潮”中的领军力量。

这其中,直接下场并购上市公司,成为当下国资的主流模式之一。据悉,湖北省属国资平台已经拿下4家上市公司控制权,分别为微创光电、上海雅仕、久量股份和奥特佳。其中,前三家均被湖北省属国资平台拿下,而湖北省十堰市国资委拿下久量股份。安徽国资在今年以来也两次出手,下场收购了博汇股份、洪汇新材等。此外出手的还有厦门国资、河南省许昌市财政局、河南省周口市财政局、浙江东阳国资、海南国资等。

可以预料到的是,今年一定还会有更多并购事件的发生。

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