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  来源:北京商报 

  随着多数银行长期限定期存款利率一降再降,存款特种兵“重出江湖”。他们在社交平台发布“求高息存款”的帖子,动辄跨越上千公里寻找“最优”利率。为争夺这些大额储户,客户经理们也不惜自掏腰包,现金补贴、礼品折现、路费报销,多重手段轮番上阵,同一家银行客户经理之间互相“截和”的场面也是屡见不鲜。

  存款特种兵出动

  “我在东北,想存3年期定期存款,麻烦推荐一下”“求高利率存款,有资源的客户经理私我”……在利率不断下行的当下,社交平台上,出现了不少求购高息存款的帖子,为了增厚收益,存款特种兵也开启了新的旅途,千里奔袭。

  不久前,李杨(化名)跨越1100公里,成功“捡漏”一笔高利率定期存款。从他晒出的存单来看,5年期定期存款年利率高达3%。对于这次存款经历,李杨总结,既因为利率高,也算是完成了一场说走就走的旅行。

  经李杨介绍,北京商报记者联系上了为他办理存款业务的客户经理,经了解后得知,这是一家位于广东省惠州市的村镇银行。“目前我行3年期、5年期定期存款利率都为3%,不过利率水平预计6月初应该会下调。针对外地过来存钱的储户,有米油盐、床上四件套、电器等礼品相送。”

  与以往单纯依靠朋友介绍,或者在生活中向陌生人打听高息存款渠道不同,如今越来越多储户选择主动出击,在网络上公开寻求客户经理。在诸多求存款的帖子下方,也能看到不少客户经理积极揽客的身影。

  北京商报记者以储户身份发布异地高利率存款需求后,不到一小时内,超10位银行客户经理人士前来推荐产品,这其中,地方城商行、村镇银行的占了多数,同时也不乏一些股份制银行异地网点的工作人员。

  山东一家村镇银行客户经理介绍,该行定期存款1年期利率为1.9%、2年期利率为2.2%、3年期利率则是2.4%起,3年期大额存单利率可以达到2.55%。“首次开卡需要临柜办理,后期可以线上操作”,这位客户经理说道。

  将目光拉向浙江省,湖州地区一位城商行客户经理也推荐了该行的存款产品,“我行2年期定期存款利率为2.53%”。也有位于天津地区的某城商行网点的银行人士称,“我行3年期定期存款利率为2.35%,10万元起存,想要的抓紧存,国内又开启一波降息了”。

  谈及存款特种兵重出江湖,博通分析金融行业资深分析师王蓬博指出,体现了储户对个人资产的积极管理意识,主动寻找更高收益的存款产品,但值得关注的是,同时也要考虑路费、时间成本等综合因素,甚至如银行的信用风险、资金安全风险、取款限制等也要放在考虑范围之内。

  客户经理贴钱“抢人”

  存款特种兵通过跨地区存款来追求更高收益,为了争夺这些储户,客户经理也纷纷自掏腰包。北京商报记者调查发现,不少客户经理直接承诺现金补贴,礼品折现也是常见手段。

  一位城商行客户经理直言,“以50万元资金为例,存入3年期定期存款产品,到期的利息为3.8万元,除了利息之外,还会额外补贴礼品折现费和路费,从北京来的储户补贴费用共计750元”。

  民营银行客户经理也不甘示弱,加入这场补贴大战。“存1000元,用我的推荐码,立马发100元红包”,一位客户经理称,目前该行3年期定期存款利率为2.6%。当北京商报记者与这位客户经理沟通时,也有多位该行其他客户经理“截和”,主动私聊推荐产品,并表示能提供200元的返现红包。

  多位村镇银行客户经理也透露,除了官方利率外,还会提供现金返现等补贴内容。在基层营销岗位上,客户经理补贴返现的行为并不少见,一位银行人士表示,从一线经营角度看,基层客户经理面临的存款指标逐年攀升,尤其在季末、年末等关键考核节点,完不成任务意味着绩效扣减甚至职业发展受限,这迫使他们不得不通过个人补贴吸引客户。通常,这是客户经理自发行为,银行一般不会进行干涉。

  短期来看,这种方式的确能提升业绩水平,但长期依赖补贴揽储,也推高了客户经理自身的财务压力。招联首席研究员董希淼指出,银行员工完不成任务,靠贴钱、返现等方式来买存款冲业绩属于违规行为。对于银行来说,通过这种方式买来的“客户”质量较低。除此之外,对于被“买”的客户来说,将大量身份证号码、手机号码等提供给第三方,很容易泄露个人信息。当然,银行总行给基层机构和员工下达任务要科学合理,否则就会导致员工行为异化跑偏。

  董希淼进一步指出,此类行为产生的部分原因与银行业绩考核体系和任务指标不合理有关。在过重的考核指标和压力之下,基层机构和员工行为容易出现异化。银行应平衡好业务发展和风险防范的关系,处理好短期利益和长期利益的关系,给分支机构下达的考核任务应科学合理。基层机构和员工应端正认识,采取依法合规的方式完成任务指标。

  切勿参与高息揽储等活动

  自今年4月以来,一场存款利率的下调浪潮席卷银行业。股份制银行、城农商行、村镇银行、民营银行集体行动,密集调低存款利率,其中3年期、5年期定存利率受影响显著,大中型银行2%以上存款产品已成为“限量版”。

  金融监管总局发布的数据显示,2024年四季度末,商业银行净息差为1.52%,处于历史低位。在2024年度业绩发布会上,多位银行管理层直言,净息差下行压力依旧严峻,进一步降低高成本负债迫在眉睫。

  下调中长期存款利率,能够有效减少银行的利息支出,缓解存款长期化带来的成本压力,进而稳定负债成本,增强银行的盈利能力。从宏观政策导向而言,今年中国人民银行多次提及“择机降息降准”,银行下调存款利率,与宏观政策方向契合。

  在宽松的货币政策基调下,市场普遍预期存款利率仍将持续下行。在董希淼看来,当前,存贷款利率已进入下行通道,银行净息差下滑压力仍然较大。银行应摒弃规模情结和速度情结,不追求简单的规模增长和市场份额,既要保持存款业务稳定增长,更要将负债成本控制在合理范围之内。尤其是中小银行,要加快转变经营理念,克服路径依赖,不可盲目追求存款规模扩张,而是要加强资产负债管理,压降负债成本,努力保持发展的稳健性和可持续性。

  就储户而言,董希淼提醒,“跨城存款”要注意两点:第一,“跨城存款”需要付出交通、住宿等费用以及时间成本,储户应仔细比较是否划算;第二,“跨城存款”应到银行网点柜面办理,切勿参与高息揽储、第三方“贴息”等活动。

  “从便利性来看,如果储户所在地没有所属银行网点,大额取款或提前支取可能需要找到网点柜台才可以交易,这会给储户带来不便和额外的时间成本。”王蓬博如是说道。

  北京商报记者 宋亦桐

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