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来源:人民日报海外版

人民日报海外版记者徐佩玉

日前,国家知识产权局局长申长雨在国务院新闻办举行的新闻发布会上介绍,2024年,我国知识产权强国建设迈出新步伐,专利数量和质量稳步提升。

从数量看,中国拥有的全球百强科技集群数量连续两年位居世界各国之首,已成为全球人工智能专利最大拥有国;从质量看,知识产权保护为民营企业高质量发展提供了有力支撑,地理标志保护工作取得了积极进展。

人工智能发展势头良好

知识产权创造方面,2024年,我国共授权发明专利104.5万件,核准注册商标478.1万件,登记著作权1063.1万件,认定地理标志产品36个,核准地理标志作为集体商标、证明商标注册125件,授予农业植物新品种权5797件、林草植物新品种权878件。在世界知识产权组织发布的《2024年全球创新指数报告》中,我国排名提升至第11位,拥有的全球百强科技集群数量达到26个,连续两年位居世界各国之首。

知识产权运用方面,完成对2700余所高校和科研机构134.9万件存量专利的盘点和价值分析。2024年,我国知识产权使用费进出口额达3987.1亿元,同比增长5.9%。

在版权产业经济贡献方面,据中国新闻出版研究院调研,2023年,我国版权产业增加值达9.38万亿元人民币,占GDP比重7.44%;城镇版权产业就业人数为1573.99万人,占全国总人数的9.62%;版权产业的商品出口额为4146.13亿美元,占全国商品出口总额的12.27%,连续多年稳定在11%以上。

人工智能领域发展势头良好。世界知识产权组织报告显示,我国已成为全球人工智能专利最大拥有国,占比达60%。申长雨介绍,近年来,国家知识产权局深入推进人工智能领域知识产权制度创新,积极回应和解决有关人工智能专利申请主体、保护客体、审查标准等热点问题。未来,将加快建立人工智能、大数据等新领域新业态知识产权保护规则,加大人工智能领域专利申请按需审查服务力度,指导建设人工智能领域专利池,推动完善相关国际规则和标准。

保护民营企业合法权益

民营经济贡献了60%以上的国内生产总值和70%以上的技术创新成果。申长雨说,国家知识产权局切实加强民营企业知识产权保护工作,为民营企业高质量发展提供有力支撑。

主动服务民营企业获权需求。在整体提高知识产权审查质量和效率的基础上,2024年各国家级知识产权保护中心和快速维权中心累计受理专利预审请求34.5万件,其中七成以上的请求由民营企业提交,有效满足了民营企业在知识产权方面快速获权、快速确权的需要。

持续做优惠企服务。在全国34个城市开展知识产权公共服务标准化建设试点,积极探索便利化服务举措。国家知识产权局出台了涵盖全部72个知识产权服务事项的办事指南,为民营企业办理各种业务提供清晰全面的办事指引,持续压减业务办理时限,更大力度支持民营企业创新发展。

指导促进资源对接。申长雨介绍,专利产业化促进中小企业成长计划吸引了近1.7万家民营企业参与。相关部门推广知识产权普惠金融,健全知识产权质押融资风险分担机制和质物处置机制,全年专利商标质押融资惠及4万多家民营企业。

助力提升国际竞争力。完善海外知识产权风险预警机制,及时提供纠纷应对指导服务,全年累计为民营企业提供专业指导800多次,帮助民营企业节约应对成本4亿多元。按需举办各类宣讲会,支持民营企业做好海外知识产权布局,夯实“出海”基础。

地理标志保护取得积极进展

地理标志是促进区域特色经济发展的有效载体,也是推进乡村全面振兴的有力支撑。国家知识产权局副局长胡文辉介绍,近年来,我国地理标志保护工作取得了积极进展,国家知识产权局已在全国建设了123个国家地理标志保护示范区。

体系建设方面,优化完善地理标志保护标准体系,发布实施推荐性国家标准《地理标志基础术语》。构建以数字化、网络化、智能化为基础的地理标志特色质量保障体系和检验检测体系。例如,广西柳州完善螺蛳粉全产业链570余项标准。

监管服务方面,结合地理标志领域监管特点,不断完善行政保护手段。例如,浙江杭州创新运用数字智慧监管,加强对地理标志产品的源头追溯、实时监测、在线识别。福建云霄创新引入金融支持,深化政银企对接。

宣传推广方面,建立地理标志文化传播体系,不断提升全社会的地理标志保护意识。江苏南京、广西梧州等地推进地理标志保护与文旅产业深度融合,延长地理标志产业链,提升地理标志附加值,丰富文旅新业态,探索地理标志产业发展促进共同富裕的有效途径。

交流合作方面,健全涉外地理标志保护机制,推进共建“一带一路”国家地理标志保护合作。重庆江津建立具有国际认证资质的检测中心,服务江津花椒走向国际市场。云南保山整合种植、采摘、生产、加工环节资源优势,拓展保山小粒咖啡海外市场。

“下一步,我们将锚定打造地理标志保护示范高地目标,加快建设高水平的地理标志保护示范区,助力地理标志产业高质量发展,更好服务乡村全面振兴和特色产业的发展。”胡文辉说。

  新智元报道

  编辑:犀牛好困

  【新智元导读】近日,GPT-4.5核心开发者之一的KaiChen因绿卡申请被拒,面临被迫离开美国的困境。与此同时,1700多名国际学生和研究人员因签证审查受阻,Nature调查显示75%的美国科学家正考虑逃离。这种人才流失或将影响美国在全球AI领域的领先地位。

  GPT-4.5的核心研发成员,竟然要被驱逐出美国?!

  OpenAI著名研究科学家NoamBrown爆料称,已经在美国居住了12年的加拿大籍AI研究员,现就职于OpenAI的KaiChen,近日被美国拒发绿卡。

  她是GPT-4.5的核心开发者之一,奥特曼还曾在3月份的帖子中提到她的工作非常出色。

  德扑之父NoamBrown表示,KaiChen是自己共事过的最优秀的AI研究员之一,如今却被迫离开美国,实在让人担忧。

  ‘如果我们继续拒绝这样的优秀人才,美国在AI领域的领先地位将岌岌可危。’

  OpenAI的另一名员工DylanHunn也在帖子中指出,KaiChen对OpenAI的旗舰大语言模型之一——GPT-4.5的研发至关重要。

  ‘她在GPT-4.5的开发中起到了关键作用。我们的移民系统发疯了一样要赶她走。美国需要她!’Hunn在帖子中说到。

  绿卡被拒可能有多种原因,但不会让Chen失去工作。

  Brown在后续的帖子中说,Chen计划暂时住在温哥华的Airbnb中远程办公,直到混乱结束。

  不过这件事再次凸显出,许多在美生活、工作和学习的外国人都面临很多挑战,尤其是在特朗普上台后。

  早在去年7月,奥特曼就发文呼吁改革移民政策,使高技能人才更容易地在美国生活工作。

  事件被报道后,一名OpenAI发言人在邮件中表示,Chen的申请是在加入OpenAI之前提交的,OpenAI没有参与这件事。

  这位发言人称,根据他们目前获取到的信息,Chen的申请材料可能存在文件问题,他们将与Chen合作处理相关的情况。

  KaiChen

  KaiChen拥有宾夕法尼亚大学工程、计算机科学以及沃顿商学院理学、经济学学士学位,专注于AI研究。

  她曾在多个科技公司任职,是Dispatch和PortTechnologies的联合创始人。

  2023年加入OpenAI后,她作为技术人员参与GPT-4.5开发,被认为是GPT-4.5的核心开发者之一。

  1700+学生突遭审查,H-1B也被针对

  其中一些人仅仅是因为超速罚单或其他交通违章等轻微违法行为就被列为整顿的对象。

  本周五,政府突然撤回了取消学生签证的决定,并表示正在制定用于审查和终止国际学生签证的新体系。

  与此同时,特朗普政府也不断升级对绿卡申请人的审查。

  而像OpenAI这样的AI研发实验室高度依赖海外研究人才。

  为OpenAIAPI客户提供支持的独立合同方ShaunRalston表示,仅去年一年,OpenAI就提交了80多份H-1B工作签证申请。自2022年以来,OpenAI提交的签证数量已超过100个。

  H-1B签证因科技行业的偏爱而广受欢迎,这类签证允许美国公司临时雇佣‘特殊职业’的外国员工,岗位要求至少具备学士学位或同等学历。

  不过最近,移民官员开始对H-1B及其他基于雇佣的移民申请发出‘补充证据请求’(RequestforEvidence,RFE),要求申请人提供家庭住址以及生物识别信息,一些专家担忧这一变动可能导致被拒签案例增加。

  移民人才在推动美国AI产业发展中起到了举足轻重的作用。

  移民对美国顶尖AI创业公司的贡献有多大?乔治城大学一项研究显示,在2019年福布斯评选的50家‘最有前景’美国AI创业公司中,高达66%的公司创始人都是移民。

  美国国家政策基金会在2023年的分析也指出,70%与AI相关领域的全日制研究生为国际学生。

  AshishVaswani在2000年代初来到美国攻读计算机科学学位。他是Transformer的联合发明人,这一开创性的AI模型架构为ChatGPT等聊天机器人提供了基础。

  OpenAI联合创始人之一WojciechZaremba也曾以学生签证身份在纽约大学获得AI领域的博士学位。

  Nature:75%科学家想逃离美国

  当前,美国的移民政策、科研经费削减以及对某些科学领域的敌视,使得许多研究人员产生了移居海外的想法。

  在参与调查的人群中,这一比例高达75%!

  尤其是对于那些早期职业研究人员——在690名研究生中,548人表示考虑离开;340名博士生中,有255人也有类似想法。

  其中,有很多受访者表示,他们希望前往那些有科研合作伙伴、朋友、家人,或是自己熟悉语言的国家,或者‘任何支持科学的地方’。

  另一些曾为工作而移居美国的人,则计划返回自己的原籍。

  一位在美国长大、现任某顶尖大学医师科学家的研究人员,目前正在加拿大找工作。

  就在美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)终止他资助的当天,他立即给加拿大某大学的系主任发了邮件——对方此前一直试图招揽他加盟。

  他与同是科学家的妻子,目前正在加拿大参加多场职位面试,希望希望在年底前搬到那里。

  这位研究人员表示,这是抄底美国的好时机:

  从我们接触的院校以及其他有意赴海外工作的同行的反馈来看,很多国家的大学把这当作百年一遇的机会。

  招聘策略已从‘我们能招到几个人?’升级为‘我们到底能接收多少人?’——因为需求就是如此强烈。

  当然,也有部分受访者表示并不打算离开美国。

  一位学者写道:‘美国学术界,拥有最顶尖的研究设施。’

  另一人则直言:‘我哪儿也不去,这太荒谬了。’

  面对这一困境,一位生物医学领域的博士后研究员,道出了当下普遍存在的矛盾心理:‘虽不愿背井离乡,但可有他选?’

  参考资料:

  https://techcrunch.com/2025/04/25/an-openai-researcher-who-worked-on-gpt-4-5-had-their-green-card-denied/

  https://x.com/polynoamial/status/1915765141846515883

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