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Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-17ll.com/label.php on line 82
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  记者|吴丹若

  红星资本局4月15日消息,日前,工业和信息化部组织制定的强制性国家标准——《电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求》(GB38031-2025)(以下简称“新国标”)正式发布,将于2026年7月1日起施行。

  新国标首次提出因内短路发生热失控后不起火不爆炸的要求,被称为“史上最严电池安全令”。

  图据IC

  首次提出“因内短路热失控后不起火、不爆炸”

  相比2020年版的国家标准,新国标的单体测试项目新增了快充循环后安全,电池包或系统测试项目修订了热扩散测试、新增了底部撞击测试。

  具体来看,热扩散测试考查电池单体内短路导致热失控后的安全防护能力,从“着火、爆炸前5分钟提供热事件报警信号”,修改为“不起火、不爆炸(仍需报警),烟气不对乘员造成伤害”。新国标对测试方法增加了“内部加热”,并进一步明确待测电池温度要求、上下电状态、整车测试条件。

  新增的底部撞击测试,考查电池底部受到撞击后的防护能力,要求电池包或系统在直径30mm撞击头以150J能量撞击后,无泄漏、外壳破裂、起火或爆炸现象,且满足绝缘电阻要求。

  针对超快充技术,新国标要求,20%SOC充电至80%SOC时,总充电时间不超过15分钟的电池单体,300次快充循环后进行外部短路测试,要求不起火、不爆炸。

  针对新申请型式批准的车型,新国标从2026年7月1日起执行;已获得型式批准的车型从2027年7月1日起执行。

  宁德时代(300750.SZ)方面向红星资本局指出,此次动力电池新国标在全球首次提出因内短路发生热失控后不起火不爆炸的要求,这一标准实施的前提是整个动力电池行业的技术提升。

  动力电池问题是新能源汽车起火风险的主要因素

  新能源汽车火灾常常与动力电池有关,主要是车辆发生剧烈碰撞损伤电池,以及电池过充过放、充电功率过大、电池质量导致的热失控等。

  今年以来,多起新能源汽车碰撞起火的事故引发公众的高度关注。3月28日,国家市场监督管理局官网显示,浙江豪情汽车制造有限公司、大庆沃尔沃汽车制造有限公司和沃尔沃汽车销售(上海)有限公司召回部分国产和进口沃尔沃汽车,原因是部分车辆由于高压动力电池的制造问题,电芯内部可能发生短路。极端情况下,可能导致电池模组热失控,存在安全隐患。

  3月29日晚11时,一辆小米SU7标准版在安徽铜陵枞阳段高速公路发生严重车祸,撞上中分带水泥护栏后起火爆燃,造成车上三名年轻女性全部遇难。对此,小米汽车在《关于大家关心问题的回答》中提到:“基于目前已知情况,我们仅能确定,事故车起火并非部分网传的‘自燃’,推测系猛烈撞击隔离带水泥桩后,整车系统严重受损导致。”

  4月5日,一辆小米SU7标准版在湛江市徐闻县曲界镇376省道与对向车道一辆电动二轮车发生碰撞,造成两轮电动车两名驾乘人员当场死亡,小汽车起火燃烧。

  红星资本局注意到,相关事故也引发了公众对新能源汽车电池安全性的关注。

  《2024新能源车险发展报告》显示,根据2022年1-11月新能源车起火事件报道统计,22.67%的车辆在充电过程中发生自燃,16%的车辆在行驶时发生自燃,38.67%的车辆在静止停放时发生自燃,9.33%的车辆因碰撞引发起火,其他原因导致起火占比为13.33%。

  新国标不等于要求新能源汽车不起火

  红星资本局注意到,新国标的起草单位涵盖宁德时代等动力电池企业、东风汽车集团等整车企业,以及第三方检测机构和科研院所。

  乘联会秘书长崔东树告诉红星资本局:“目前主流动力电池企业的技术储备都能达到新国标的要求。”

  早在2020年,宁德时代就率先提出并量产搭载第一代无热扩散(NP)技术的电池,实现不起火不爆炸,提前6年满足新国标的要求提升。目前,宁德时代还在持续迭代NP技术,包括可实现高压与烟气主动分离的NP2.0,和能做到“热失控不冒烟”的NP3.0。

  长城汽车(601633.SH)孵化的蜂巢能源也是新国标的起草单位,其相关负责人向红星资本局表示,早在2022年,公司已经发布了不冒烟不起火不爆炸的龙鳞甲电池,完全满足新国标的相关要求。他提到,参与起草新国标的动力电池企业,其技术储备都能达到新国标的要求。对他们来说,在最终期限前达成新国标“没有什么难点”。

  2024年2月,全国汽车标准化技术委员会电动车辆分技术委员会对36家整车和电池企业进行了调研,已有78%的企业具备动力电池不起火、不爆炸的技术储备,也就是即使电芯单体热失控,也不会发生由热扩散导致的动力电池起火和爆炸。

  但这不意味着未来新能源汽车不会失火爆炸。

  一位能源公司相关负责人指出,高速碰撞后会产生高温,达到座椅、线缆等部件的燃点等,会造成起火,电池也可能受到影响,可能引发爆炸。

  宁德时代方面表示,目前,新国标中热扩散试验考核的是动力电池内部诱因引发热失控后不起火、不爆炸,动力电池的无热扩散技术将为人员和车辆安全打下坚实基础。

  动力电池新国标实施后将有效降低新能源汽车动力电池自燃风险,可以更好保护消费者生命安全,同时也对所有整车和电池企业提出新要求,以高标准促进新车与新电池产品的优胜劣汰,实现行业的高质量发展。

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